’國音樂之’
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’’森學’’國歷’’音樂’’’ ’翰’’’華’’斯博 (John Edward Hasse, Ph.D., Curator of American Music at the National Museum of American History of the Smithsonian Institution) |
| 內’提’ |
| ’言 |
| 簽證類’及’用’詞 |
| ’簽證窗’’’側 |
| 邊境檢’’’第’’防’’第’個’’ |
| ’’’盡興 |
| ’國音樂之’ |
’集
 ’國瑰’ |
| ’’’’’’’教’’’’’’解’國 |
| ’生機’’’國’學國際’生 |
| ’國高等教’’’濟’源 |
| "’個’永遠不’’’’’’" |
| "’個’妙’’歷" |
| "’個絕’’機’" |
| 談今天’’國做生’ |
| "我’’境都’問’" |
| "’’’’’極少不’ " |
| ’關資’ |
| ’關網’ |
’’’國’方式’’’種’樣’’’覽’’市’’國’公園’’’領略著’景’風’’’’’文章中’’斯博’提’’種’’’’方式’’’’及’國’’’風’’異’音樂’勝之’’
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’’’雖’’’’’國’’對’國音樂’不陌生’’國’它230’’歷’中’產生’’’原創音樂’’’樣化’生’’’創’’及藝’’詣’分驚’’’最謙’’’’’曲調’’樸’’’’曲’’羅’’’’翰遜(Robert Johnson)動’心’’藍調’’爾斯’’’(Charles Parker)華’’爵’變’’’國音樂對’’文化’’’重’’’’
’’’’’’樣說’歷’’還’有’個國’創’’像’國’樣豐’’生’’’’’有’’’’音樂風’’’國音樂反’’’國’民’’盛精’’’元’局’精’面貌’創’’’’們不需懂’’’’’覺’’’薩’’蘭’’(Aretha Franklin)’動’’’’’’’斯(Hank Williams)’’婉’路’斯’’’斯’’(Louis Armstrong)’’’’’翰’’什(Johnny Cash)’’接’當’’’’菲’傑’’(Ella Fitzgerald)’高’技巧’’及’爾維斯’普’斯’(Elvis Presley)’巨’’’’
’’音樂’’’們’’’’’’唱’’’載’網路’’’’國之音’播及’視’錄像等渠’’傳’’’’’’’’’’’正’賞’’解’’音樂’’最’’辦’莫’’走’’們’’生’’及孕’’’’’’們’音樂’那’’方’
’’文章’’’介紹’國’’’音樂博’’’’勝’’’’’’’次’’’’國之’’’’由’期移民’’’國’音樂傳統’’’莎莎(salsa)’瑪雅’(mariachi)’’’及’’’興’’國音樂風’’’’’圾’’(grunge)’饒’樂(rap)’’蹦樂(hip-hop)等’’今還’有’’’博’’’歷’’勝’言’不’’’’’’’’’’’音樂’’賞’’’音樂’’’’’’互’網找’它們’鑒’’’’’興’’手’’’音樂’’’’’伏’我’’裏’’’介紹’’’’’’間考驗’’方’
爵’樂(Jazz)
爵’樂’’’最’遠’最’’創’’’國音樂’路’斯’那’’’奧爾’市(New Orleans)’普’視’爵’樂’’’’’有任’’市’’’’’’除’’’比’奧爾’’引’’’爵’樂’’不’’’’’2005’8月29日’’’裏’颶風重創’’’"’月’" (Crescent City)’國際爵’樂’們需’跟蹤’奧爾’’重’動’’
’奧爾’’民’及’’’’爵’樂’’’都’’切期’’’國區(French Quarter)及’’堂(Preservation Hall, http://www.preservationhall.com)’重’’’’’’1961’’’’裝飾簡陋’’’堂’’’’奧爾’傳統之’’’殿’’奧爾’’’’’景’’重’’’’路’斯’那’立博’’’爵’樂’’(http://lsm.crt.state.la.us/site/)’’中’’有路’斯’’’斯’’(Louis Armstrong)’比’斯’貝’貝’(Bix Beiderbecke)等早期爵’樂’’用’’樂器’’奧爾’爵’樂國’歷’公園’’’’務中心(http://www.nps.gov/jazz)’’’’’’重’提’’’’’斯街(North Peters Street)’’’’我導’’’路’及’’’關資’’
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’1920’1930’’’’蘇裏’’堪薩斯市(Kansas City)曾’’爵’樂’樂園’貝’’爵(Count Basie)’’爾斯’’’’瑪’’婁’’’斯(Mary Lou Williams)等’’都’’裏’’’’’’’’第18街’Vine街環繞’爵’樂老區’覺’’當’’樂’’那裏還坐落著’國爵’樂博’’(http://www.americanjazzmuseum.com)’’及歷’’’’’石’’(Gem Theater)’
’’’市’’’’’’’歷’’’’’’’裏’聽’’個’期’爵’樂’’’Village Vanguard’’’(http://www.villagevanguard.net/frames.htm)’Blue Note’’’(http://www.bluenote.net)’’及Birdland’’’(http://www.birdlandjazz.com)’’落’’萊’(Harlem)’’’羅’’(Apollo Theater, http://www.apollotheater.com)’曾’’’’著’爵’樂藝’’’’’藝’’方’’落’57街’第’’’’’內基音樂’(Carnegie Hall, http://www.carnegiehall.org)’’’’’’’市最’’爵’樂’’’’’中心’爵’樂’(Jazz at Lincoln Center, http://www.jazzatlincolncenter.org)’’個’資1.3億’元’’’’2004’10月正式’’’內有’’1200’眾’’’’’有400個’’’俯視中央公園’景’’’’’’’爵’樂’還’有’個140個’’’’’’’Dizzy's Club Coca-cola’
’’’市’’區’路’斯’’’斯’’(1901－1971)’’’’’’’’’我’’’’’’國最有’’’’爵’音樂’’’個舊’’’參’’’’有’個’禮’’’(http://www.satchmo.net)
’’’’(Ragtime)
’’’’基本’’種’切分音’鋼’音樂’’爵’樂’源’之’’’’蘇裏’錫’’’(Sedalia)’’’’’區學’(State Fair Community College)’陳’著’"’’’’’曲之’"斯’’’喬普’(Scott Joplin)有關’’數不’’實’’喬普’’’裏創’’著’’’楓葉’’’(Maple Leaf Rag)’’’’’’錫’’’’’’辦"喬普’’’’’音樂’"(Scott Joplin Ragtime Festival)’’較’’’路’斯市(St. Louis)’’還’’參’喬普’’’’之’’那裏’’’’’歷’遺跡’(http://www.mostateparks.com/scottjoplin.htm)
藍調(Blues)
’’’’說’’’’藍調音樂’唯’完’’’國’生’音樂’式’而’’’比’’’’’’藍調’誕生’’’’批’’’藍調音樂’都’’裏’’’’們’’’’裏’巴’(Charley Patton)’羅’’’’翰遜’’’(Howlin' Wolf)’馬’’’’斯(Muddy Waters)’BB’(B.B. King)’’們’’’’’’’比’’角’’’’’’田’’’’’菲斯’’’’比’’’300’公里’’’’比’維’斯堡之間’’區’’’’區有’個’模不’’藍調博’’’’’’’’斯戴爾(Clarksdale)’’角’藍調博’’(Delta Blues Museum, http://www.deltabluesmuseum.org)’’’羅賓遜維爾(Robinsonville)’藍調’傳’’’博’’(Blues & Legends Hall of Fame Museum, http://www.bluesmuseum.org)’’及’’裏蘭(Leland)’61號公路藍調博’’(Highway 61 Blues Museum, http://www.highway61blues.com)’
61號公路’’視’藍調之路’’’’’藍調音樂’都’由’條路’’’’田’’’’’菲斯(Memphis)’’’菲斯市著’’比爾街(Beale Street)’有’’’’路’斯藍調’’’’菲斯藍調’’曲’’’(W.C. Handy)’塑像(http://www.bealestreet.com)’還有’’BB’藍調俱樂部(B.B. King's Blues Club) (http://www.bbkingclubs.com)’
藍’音樂(Bluegrass Music)
藍’音樂’’種’樂’’式音樂’產生’’國’部’’’’’’’’’間谷’’’’’市中有著’’’’’聽眾’’’’’’’塔基’歐文斯’勒(Owensboro)’國際藍’音樂博’’(International Bluegrass Music Museum, http://www.bluegrass-museum.org)’’’參’’’’第’’’比’布勞森(Bean Blossom)’’模略’’比爾’’羅藍’’’’(Bill Monroe's Bluegrass Hall of Fame, http://www.beanblossom.com)’’’’還有’個’’’’’車’覽路’’’曰"弗’尼’音樂’’’蜒路"(Crooked Road: Virginia's Music Heritage Trail, http://www.thecrookedroad.org)’’條路’’’’420公里’’’風景’’’弗’尼’’’部’’接’’音樂景’’’斯’’博’’(Ralph Stanley Museum)’’’’’音樂中心(Carter Family Fold)’藍嶺音樂中心(Blue Ridge Music Center)’’及’’音樂誕生’博’’(Birthplace of Country Music Museum)’
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’’音樂(Country Music)
田’’’’’什維爾市(Nashville)’早’’’’’’音樂’心臟’’’奧普裏’’’(Grand Ole Opry, http://www.opry.com)’’個堪稱’’’歷’最’’’’場’播’目’’’期五’’期六晚轉播’’音樂’’’場’’’’示’種風’’’’音樂’’’’’什維爾’有’’音樂’’堂(Country Music Hall of Fame, http://www.countrymusichalloffame.com) ’’中有’個永’陳’’’’’"’’’’’’’音樂之’"(Sing Me Back Home: A Journey Through Country Music)’’覽’’’’’裝’實’’樂器’照’’手’等’敘’’’’音樂’歷’’
’’不遠’’RCA唱’公’有歷’’’’錄音’B’當’’爾維斯’普’斯’’切’’’’’斯(Chet Atkins)等’’’’’’裏錄音’’而’’’Hatch Show Print’’’國歷’最’’’’’’’’之’’’’’’’’音樂’’’’’都’’’裏’’’什維爾’’還’’參’當’’奧普裏’’部賴曼禮堂(Ryman Auditorium, http://www.ryman.com)’’’’’裏還有’’晚間音樂’動場’’’’’國’’曲’嶄’’角’’’場’藍鳥’啡’(Bluebird Cafe, http://www.bluebirdcafe.com)’’’’’比’’’裏’’(Meridian)’’落著’’’國’’音樂奠基’之’’米’羅傑斯’博’’(Jimmie Rogers Museum, http://www.jimmierodgers.com)’
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’’樂’’’藍調’’魂樂曲(Rock, Rhythm & Blues, and Soul)
曾’’動’國’’動’’’’’樂’’50’’’今天’續讓’’億’聽眾著’’興奮不’’田’’’’’菲斯’’爾維斯’普’斯’’’梢’’’有’’’’’"雅園"’’’(Graceland, http://www.elvis.com)’’最早錄’第’批唱’’太陽錄音’(Sun Studio, http://www.sunstudio.com)’’’’(’’’’著’’音樂’’’’裏錄’音)’’’還有斯’斯’國’魂音樂博’’(Stax Museum of American Soul, http://www.staxmuseum.com)’’’介紹斯’斯’及Hi’’’’’’菲斯’馬斯爾’爾斯(Muscle Shoals)等’方’魂音樂唱’公’’樂隊’歷’’
’菲斯’’’’魂樂曲博’’(Memphis Rock and Soul Museum, http://www.memphisrocknsoul.org)’有’個由’’森學’’辦’’’’覽’它’藍調’’’’’魂音樂’’’’’’’’’’普’斯’’布’T(Booker T)及MGs樂隊’’歷’反’’’菲斯1920’1980’’’歷’’
’’歇’’’’’’市’有’個摩’歷’博’’(Motown Historical Museum, http://www.motownmuseum.com)’收集’曾’摩’唱’公’灌’唱’’著’’魂’手’實’’’們當中有’’高’’’唱團(The Supremes)’誘’’唱團(The Temptations)’’蒂夫’’’(Stevie Wonder)’馬文’’伊(Marvin Gaye)’’’薩’’蘭’’等’
’’’’巴’’’’(Buddy Holly)’’’’’’’’’’薩斯’’’’(Lubbock)’巴’’’’中心(Buddy Holly Center, http://www.buddyhollycenter.org)’
’’亥’’’’’夫蘭市’’落著由著’’’’貝聿’’’’’’’撼’’’’’堂(Rock 'n' Roll Hall of Fame, http://www.rockhall.com)’’中’有數’百’’’樂實’’音像’’’’華盛’’’雅圖市由弗蘭’’’瑞(Frank Gehry)’’’’’’’內’有’個’’’體驗音樂’(Experience Music Project, http://www.emplive.org)’堪稱互動博’’’’’介紹’’音樂’’’樂’
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民間音樂(Folk Music)
’’’個國’都有’’’本’音樂’’歐’’’國’’種音樂’’’’’"民間音樂"’疇’ 民間音樂’’’’們’唱耳聽’而不’文’’載’傳’’’’民間曲調’樂器’’源’’’’’’’’’個’’都有’’變異’式(’’本)’’’數’’’’耳’’嗓音’手’’情’’’’’’賞’場民間音樂’’’最簡單’方’’’’’’國’’’’’民間音樂’’’中’模最’’’屬’’森學’’’六’’月間’首都華盛’國’’’’場’’辦’民間藝’’(Smithsonian Folklife Festival, http://www.folklife.si.edu)’2006’’’’第40’民間藝’’’
’’音樂(Latino Music)
’’疑問’’國’’個由移民’組成’"’’陸"國’’’’個’族’都’’’’’’音樂傳統’’們’音樂’異’’’生’’’’中’必’’’有’’’變化’’’族裔’’’’國第’’少數族裔’’們有著豐’’音樂傳統’
由’號’’提’’’’’比尤’’’’’’隆等’種樂器’’’墨’哥’瑪雅’’’’國’’部’’’’’最’’稱’瑪雅’’殿’’方’’概’屬’落’’’’Wilshire’’第2501號’La Fonda de Los Camperos’’’’個’’’1969’’辦’第’個瑪雅’晚’’’場’樂隊’組織’’’提’手’蒂’’諾(Nati Cano)’’’’國’’授予民間’傳統藝’’最高’’獎’’’瑪雅’晚’’’’’’傳’’’’’那’’圖森市(Tucson)’’墨’哥’’’菲市(Santa Fe)’’’薩斯’’’’’尼奧市(San Antonio)’’’’’’市’
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’滿’’’’蹈音樂莎莎’最早由’巴’’’黎’移民傳’’’’’今’’’’’邁’’’’’’都市’’’’裏都’聽’莎莎’跳莎莎’華盛’’’’森’國歷’博’’2005’’辦’’’生’’’’國’’’"莎莎’’"塞莉’’’’斯’生平音樂’(Azucar! The Life and Music of Celia Cruz)’’’’’’’’網’’’’’’覽’http://www.americanhistory.si.edu/celiacruz/’
凱’音樂(Cajun Music)
’’奧爾’市’’’’’’車’’路’斯’那’尤尼斯(Eunice)’有’個’原’’’’’文化中心(Prairie Acadian Cultural Center, http://www.nps.gov/jela/pphtml/facilities.html)’’’介紹’’’’’’’凱’’’歷’’’18’’50’’’’’’’’’’移’’’’’’及’們’樹’’’’’音樂’文化’
中心’’’’由’’(Liberty Theater)’’’’期六晚’’’’播’目"凱’’’" (Rendez-vous des Cajuns)’’場’有凱’’’’’(zydeco)樂隊’單場音樂’’及凱’’’’’等’’’’尤尼斯’’凱’音樂’’堂(Cajun Music Hall of Fame, http://www.cajunfrenchmusic.org)’’’’’’’’路’斯’那’立’學尤尼斯分’有’個網’’’’介紹當’’裏奧耳(Creole)’’’’’凱’音樂’(http://www.nps.gov/jela/Prairieacadianculturalcenter.htm)’
’’藝’’’’音樂(Show Tunes and Classical Music)
’國音樂之’’’不’’’’’個’目’有失完整’’’藝’’’’音樂’雖’’’音樂源’歐’’’’國’曲’’’’’’’普蘭(Aaron Copland)’’’’’’’斯’(Leonard Bernstein)’給’’音樂’’’熱’’’國風’’’’市’’’中心(http://www.lincolncenter.org/index2.asp)’歷’’’’’內基音樂’(http://www.carnegiehall.org/jsps/intro.jsp)’’最著’’’’音樂’’場’’當’’’國’’還有’’’’’’’交’樂團’’’(http://www.findaconcert.com)’
對’’藝’’’’而言’百老匯’’國’場’’藝’’’’’百老匯’’’市最著’’街’之’’’’’’’’’’’個街區’號稱’’’"白’’’"(The Great White Way)’’’國’’方’場’’’’都有’百老匯推’’輕’’’
樂器(Musical Instruments)
’’極’’見’樂器’’’藝’’’’’’都’藝’博’’’’(Metropolitan Museum of Art, 中文網’’http://www.metmuseum.org/visitor/vi_index_chinese.htm’’文網’’http://www.metmuseum.org/home.asp)’除’之’’’’華盛’’’’森國’歷’博’’’’’有’斯’’’瓦裏(Stradivarius)’樂器’鋼’’羽管鍵’’’’’’’還有爵’樂傳’’’’’’菲’傑’’’’’(公爵)’’’’(Duke Ellington)’’項’覽’
’’’福尼’’’迭戈’’’’爾斯巴’(Carlsbad)’有’個音樂’’博’’(Museum of Making Music, http://www.museumofmakingmusic.org)’’中有500’種樂器’’種互動式音像樣’’’’’’’’郊’’’羅’(Corona)’’’還有’個’’介紹50’’’’’歷’’’’音樂’藝’博’’(Fender Museum of Music and Arts, http://www.fendermuseum.com)’
’’國中’部’平原’’’’’’弗米’’(Vermillion)’有’’收藏’750件樂器’國’音樂博’’(National Music Museum, http://www.usd.edu/smm) ’
’’國’’’論’’裏都’’’’’國’熱’"’們’"音樂’’不管’爵’樂’’部’’樂’’’樂’還’’’任’’式’音樂’而’’們’’樂’’’’分’’’’’’’國’’個’快樂’’見識’方式’
’關讀’’
Bird, Christiane. The Da Capo Jazz and Blues Lover's Guide to the U.S. 3rd Ed. New York: Da Capo Press, 2001. Cheseborough, Steve. Blues Traveling: The Holy Sites of Delta Blues. 2nd Ed. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2004. Clynes, Tom. Music Festivals from Bach to Blues: A Traveler's Guide. Canton, MI: Visible Ink Press, 1996. Dollar, Steve. Jazz Guide: New York City. New York: The Little Bookroom, 2003. Fussell, Fred C. Blue Ridge Music Trails. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2003. Knight, Richard. The Blues Highway: New Orleans to Chicago: A Travel and Music Guide. Hindhead, Surrey, UK: Trailblazer Publications, 2003. Millard, Bob. Music City USA: The Country Music Lover's Travel Guide to Nashville and Tennessee. New York: Perennial, 1993. Unterberger, Richie. Music USA: The Rough Guide. London: The Rough Guides, 1999.
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’斯博’’音樂歷’學’’鋼’’’獲獎’’及唱’’’’’’’’’森學’國’歷’博’’’’國音樂’’’’’’’森爵’’’’’樂團’國際爵’樂’賞月’動’創’’’’’’’’’類’’’’’’’’天’’生’(Beyond Category: The Life and Genius of Duke Ellington)’’’’’’’爵’樂第’’’’(Jazz: The First Century)’’’’輯’’’’豪’’’邁’爾’’’(The Classic Hoagy Carmichael)’’及’’’’’’’’’’’’’曾’’’次獲’萊’獎提’’’’’’’國及’’’’’辦’國音樂講’’