Chapter Three: National Treatment and Market Access for Goods
Article 317: Third Country Dumping
1. The Parties affirm the importance of cooperation with respect to actions under Article 12 of the Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
2. Where a Party presents an application to another Party requesting antidumping action on its behalf, those Parties shall consult within 30 days respecting the factual basis of the request, and the requested Party shall give full consideration to the request.
Section E - Definitions
For purposes of this Chapter:
advertising films means recorded visual media, with or without soundtracks, consisting essentially of images showing the nature or operation of goods or services offered for sale or lease by a person established or resident in the territory of any Party, provided that the films are of a kind suitable for exhibition to prospective customers but not for broadcast to the general public, and provided that they are imported in packets that each contain no more than one copy of each film and that do not form part of a larger consignment;
commercial samples of negligible value means commercial samples having a value, individually or in the aggregate as shipped, of not more than one U.S. dollar, or the equivalent amount in the currency of another Party, or so marked, torn, perforated or otherwise treated that they are unsuitable for sale or for use except as commercial samples;
consumed means:
a) actually consumed; or
b) further processed or manufactured so as to result in a substantial change in value, form or use of the good or in the production of another good;
customs duty includes any customs or import duty and a charge of any kind imposed in connection with the importation of a good, including any form of surtax or surcharge in connection with such importation, but does not include any:
a) charge equivalent to an internal tax imposed consistently with Article III:2 of the GATT, or any equivalent provision of a successor agreement to which all Parties are party, in respect of like, directly competitive or substitutable goods of the Party, or in respect of goods from which the imported good has been manufactured or produced in whole or in part;
b) antidumping or countervailing duty that is applied pursuant to a Party's domestic law and not applied inconsistently with Chapter Nineteen (Review and Dispute Settlement in Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Matters);
c) fee or other charge in connection with importation commensurate with the cost of services rendered;
d) premium offered or collected on an imported good arising out of any tendering system in respect of the administration of quantitative import restrictions, tariff rate quotas or tariff preference levels; and
e) fee applied pursuant to section 22 of the U.S. Agricultural Adjustment Act, subject to Chapter Seven (Agriculture and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures);
distilled spirits include distilled spirits and distilled spiritcontaining beverages;
duty deferral program includes measures such as those governing foreign trade zones, temporary importations under bond, bonded warehouses, "maquiladoras", and inward processing programs;
duty-free means free of customs duty;
goods imported for sports purposes means sports requisites for use in sports contests, demonstrations or training in the territory of the Party into whose territory such goods are imported;
goods intended for display or demonstration includes their component parts, ancillary apparatus and accessories;
item means a tariff classification item at the eight- or 10-digit level set out in a Party's tariff schedule;
local area network apparatus means a good dedicated for use solely or principally to permit the interconnection of automatic data processing machines and units thereof for a network that is used primarily for the sharing of resources such as central processor units, data storage devices and input or output units, including in-line repeaters, converters, concentrators, bridges and routers, and printed circuit assemblies for physical incorporation into automatic data processing machines and units thereof suitable for use solely or principally with a private network, and providing for the transmission, receipt, error-checking, control, signal conversion or correction functions for non-voice data to move through a local area network;
performance requirement means a requirement that:
a) a given level or percentage of goods or services be exported;
b) domestic goods or services of the Party granting a waiver of customs duties be substituted for imported goods or services;
c) a person benefitting from a waiver of customs duties purchase other goods or services in the territory of the Party granting the waiver or accord a preference to domestically produced goods or services;
d) a person benefitting from a waiver of customs duties produce goods or provide services, in the territory of the Party granting the waiver, with a given level or percentage of domestic content; or
e) relates in any way the volume or value of imports to the volume or value of exports or to the amount of foreign exchange inflows;
printed advertising materials means those goods classified in Chapter 49 of the Harmonized System, including brochures, pamphlets, leaflets, trade catalogues, yearbooks published by trade associations, tourist promotional materials and posters, that are used to promote, publicize or advertise a good or service, are essentially intended to advertise a good or service, and are supplied free of charge;
repair or alteration does not include an operation or process that either destroys the essential characteristics of a good or creates a new or commercially different good;
satisfactory evidence means:
a) a receipt, or a copy of a receipt, evidencing payment of customs duties on a particular entry;
b) a copy of the entry document with evidence that it was received by a customs administration;
c) a copy of a final customs duty determination by a customs administration respecting the relevant entry;
d) any other evidence of payment of customs duties acceptable under the Uniform Regulations established in accordance with Chapter Five (Customs Procedures);
total export shipments means all shipments from total supply to users located in the territory of another Party;
total supply means all shipments, whether intended for domestic or foreign users, from:
a) domestic production;
b) domestic inventory; and
c) other imports as appropriate; and
waiver of customs duties means a measure that waives otherwise applicable customs duties on any good imported from any country, including the territory of another Party.
Annex 301.3: Exceptions to Articles 301 and 309
Section A - Canadian Measures
1. Articles 301 and 309 shall not apply to controls by Canada on the export of logs of all species.
2. Articles 301 and 309 shall not apply to controls by Canada on the export of unprocessed fish pursuant to the following existing statutes, as amended as of August 12, 1992:
a) New Brunswick Fish Processing Act, R.S.N.B. c. F18.01 (1982), and Fisheries Development Act, S.N.B. c. F15.1 (1977);
b) Newfoundland Fish Inspection Act, R.S.N. 1990, c. F12;
c) Nova Scotia Fisheries Act, S.N.S. 1977, c. 9;
d) Prince Edward Island Fish Inspection Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. F13; and
e) Quebec Marine Products Processing Act, No. 38, S.Q. 1987, c. 51.
3. Articles 301 and 309 shall not apply to:
a) except as provided in Annex 300-A, Appendix 300-A.1, paragraph 4, measures by Canada respecting the importation of any goods enumerated or referred to in Schedule VII of the Customs Tariff, R.S.C. 1985, c. 41 (3rd Supp.), as amended,
b) measures by Canada respecting the exportation of liquor for delivery into any country into which the importation of liquor is prohibited by law under the existing provisions of the Export Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. E18, as amended,
c) measures by Canada respecting preferential rates for certain freight traffic under the existing provisions of the Maritime Freight Rate Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. M-1, as amended,
d) Canadian excise taxes on absolute alcohol used in manufacturing under the existing provisions of the Excise Tax Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. E-14, as amended, and
e) measures by Canada prohibiting the use of foreign or non-duty paid ships in the coasting trade of Canada unless granted a license under the Coasting Trade Act, S.C. 1992, c. 31,
to the extent that such provisions were mandatory legislation at the time of Canada's accession to the GATT and have not been amended so as to decrease their conformity with the GATT.
4. Articles 301 and 309 shall not apply to quantitative import restrictions on goods that originate in the territory of the United States, considering operations performed in, or materials obtained from, Mexico as if they were performed in, or obtained from, a non-Party, and that are indicated by asterisks in Chapter 89 in Annex 401.2 (Tariff Schedule of Canada) of the Canada United States Free Trade Agreement for as long as the measures taken under the Merchant Marine Act of 1920, 46 App. U.S.C. ���� 883, and the Merchant Marine Act of 1936, 46 App. U.S.C. ���� 1171, 1176, 1241 and 1241o, apply with quantitative effect to comparable Canadian origin goods sold or offered for sale into the U.S. market.
5. Articles 301 and 309 shall not apply to:
a) the continuation or prompt renewal of a non-conforming provision of any statute referred to in paragraph 2 or 3; and
b) the amendment to a non-conforming provision of any statute referred to in paragraph 2 or 3 to the extent that the amendment does not decrease the conformity of the provision with Articles 301 and 309.
Section B - Mexican Measures
1. Articles 301 and 309 shall not apply to controls by Mexico on the export of logs of all species.
2. Articles 301 and 309 shall not apply to:
a) measures under the existing provisions of Articles 192 through 194 of the General Ways of Communication Act ("Ley de Vias Generales de Comunicación") reserving exclusively to Mexican vessels all services and operations not authorized for foreign vessels and empowering the Mexican Ministry of Communications and Transportation to deny foreign vessels the right to perform authorized services if their country of origin does not grant reciprocal rights to Mexican vessels; and
b) export permit measures applied to goods for exportation to another Party that are subject to quantitative restrictions or tariff rate quotas adopted or maintained by that other Party.
3. Articles 301 and 309 shall not apply to:
a) the continuation or prompt renewal of a non-conforming provision of the statute referred to in paragraph 2(a); and
b) the amendment to a non-conforming provision of the statute referred to in paragraph 2(a) to the extent that the amendment does not decrease the conformity of the provision with Articles 301 and 309.
4. (a) Notwithstanding Article 309, for the first 10 years after the date of entry into force of this Agreement, Mexico may adopt or maintain prohibitions or restrictions on the importation of used goods provided for in the items, as of August 12, 1992, in the Tariff Schedule of the General Import Duty Act (Tarifa de la "Ley del Impuesto General de Importación") set out below:
Note: (For purposes of reference only, descriptions are provided next to the corresponding item.)
Item Description
8407.34.99 Gasoline engines of more than 1,000 cm3, except for motorcycles.
8413.11.01 Distributors fitted with a measuring device even if it includes a totalizing mechanism.
8413.40.01 Trailer type, from 36 up to 60 m3/hr capacity; without hydraulic elevator for the discharge hose.
8426.12.01 Mobile portals on tires and straddle carriers.
8426.19.01 Other (overhead travelling cranes, bridge cranes and straddle carriers).
8426.30.01 Portal cranes.
8426.41.01 Cranes with structural iron jib (lattice) with mechanical working, self-propelled, with unit weight up to 55 tons.
8426.41.02 Cranes with hydraulically actuated rigid jib, selfpropelled with maximum capacity above 9.9 tons and not exceeding 30 tons.
8426.41.99 Other (machinery and apparatus, self propelled, on tires.)
8426.49.01 Cranes with structural iron jib (lattice) with mechanical working, with unit weight up to 55 tons.
8426.49.02 Cranes with hydraulically actuated rigid jib, selfpropelled, with load capacity above 9.9 tons and not exceeding 30 tons.
8426.91.01 Cranes, other than those provided for in items 8426.91.02,
8426.91.03 and 8426.91.04.
8426.91.02 Cranes with hydraulic working, with articulated or rigid booms, with capacity up to 9.9 tons at 1 meter radius.
8426.91.03 Isolated elevating cranes, basket type, with carrying capacity equal to or less than 1 ton and up to 15 meters lift.
8426.91.99 Other (machinery and apparatus; designed for mounting on road vehicles).
8426.99.01 Cranes, other than those provided for in items 8426.91.02 8426.99.02 Swivel cranes. 8426.99.99 Other (cranes and air cables ("blondines"); overhead travelling cranes, handling or unloading frames, bridge cranes, straddle carriers and straddle cranes). 8427.10.01 With load capacity up to 3,500 kilograms, measured at 620 millimeters from the frontal surface of the forks, without battery or loader. 8427.20.01 With explosion or internal combustion engine, with carrying capacity up to 7,000 kilograms, measured at 620 millimeters from the frontal surface of the forks. 8428.40.99 Other (escalators and moving walkways). 8428.90.99 Other (machinery and apparatus for lifting, loading, unloading or handling). 8429.11.01 Caterpillar type. 8429.19.01 Other (bulldozers and angledozers). 8429.20.01 Graders. 8429.30.01 Scrapers. 8429.40.01 Tamping machines. 8429.51.02 Frontend loader with hydraulic working, wheeltype, with capacity equal or less than 335 HP. 8429.51.03 Mechanical shovels, other than those provided for in item 8429.51.01. 8429.51.99 Other (mechanical shovels, excavators, loaders and frontend shovel loaders). 8429.52.02 Draglines or excavators, other than those provided for in item 8429.52.01. 8429.52.99 Other (machinery with a 360 revolving superstructure). 8429.59.01 Trenchers. 8429.59.02 Draglines, with dragging load capacity up to 4,000 kilograms 8429.59.03 Draglines or excavators, other than those provided for in item 8429.59.04. 8429.59.99 Other (selfpropelled bulldozers, angledozers, graders, scrapers, mechanical shovels, excavators, loaders, shovel loaders, tamping machines and road rollers). 8430.31.01 Rotation and/or percussion perforators. 8430.31.99 Other (selfpropelled cutters, pullers or wrenchers and machines to open tunnels or galleries). 8430.39.01 Boring shields. 8430.39.99 Other (not selfpropelled cutters, pullers or wrenchers and machines to open tunnels or galleries). 8430.41.01 Boring or sinking machinery, other than those provided for in item 8430.41.02. 8430.41.99 Other (selfpropelled probing or boring machinery). 8430.49.99 Other (not selfpropelled probing or boring machinery). 8430.50.01 Excavators, frontal carriers with hydraulic mechanism, with capacity equal to or less than 335 h.p. 8430.50.02 Scrapers. 8430.50.99 Other (selfpropelled machinery and apparatus). 8430.61.01 Graders (pushers). 8430.61.02 Tamping or compacting rollers. 8430.61.99 Other (machinery and apparatus, not selfpropelled). 8430.62.01 Scarification machine (ripping machine). 8430.69.01 Scrapers, not selfpropelled. 8430.69.02 Trencher machine, other than those provided for in item 8430.69.03. 8430.69.99 Other (trenchers, other than those provided for in items 8430.69.01, 8430.69.02 and 8430.69.03). 8452.10.01 Sewing machines of the household type. 8452.21.04 Industrial machines, other than those provided for in items 8452.21.02, 8452.21.03 and 8452.21.05. 8452.21.99 Other (automatic sewing machines). 8452.29.05 Machines or heads for industrial use, with straight seams, straight needle and a rotating and oscillating thread linking device, double backstitching, flat bed and transportation only. 8452.29.06 Industrial machines, other than those provided for in items 8452.29.01, 8452.29.03 and 8452.29.05. 8452.29.99 Other (non-automatic sewing machines). 8452.90.99 Other (parts of sewing machines). 8471.10.01 Analogue or hybrid automatic data processing machines. 8471.20.01 Digital or numerical automatic data processing machines, containing in the same housing at least a central processing unit and an input and output unit. 8471.91.01 Numerical or digital processing units, even if presented with the rest of the system, including one or two of the following types of units contained in the same housing: storage units, input units, output unit. 8471.92.99 Other (input or output units whether or not entered with the rest of a system and whether or not containing storage units in the same housing). 8471.93.01 Storage units, including the rest of the system. 8471.99.01 Other (automatic data processing machines and units thereof). 8474.20.01 Crushing and grinding with two or more cylinders. 8474.20.02 Crushing jawbone and grinding millstone. 8474.20.03 Blade crushing machines. 8474.20.04 Crushing machines of balls or bars. 8474.20.05 Drawer cone crushing, with diameter no more than 1200 millimeters. 8474.20.06 Grinding hammer percussion. 8474.20.99 Other (machines and apparatus to break, crush or grind or pulverize dirt, stones and other solid mineral materials). 8474.39.99 Other (mixing machines). 8474.80.99 Other (machines and apparatus to classify, sieve, separate, break, crush, grind, mix, or knead dirt, stones and other mineral materials). 8475.10.01 Machines for assembling lamps. 8477.10.01 Injectionmolding machines for thermoplastic materials, up to 5 kg capacity for one molding model. 8701.30.01 Caterpillar tractors with an engine power at the flywheel equal to or above 105 h.p., but less than 380 h.p. measured at 1,900 rpm, including pushing blade. 8701.90.02 Railroad tractors, on tires with mechanical mechanism for pavement. 8711.10.01 Motorcycles fitted with an auxiliary motor with reciprocating piston engine not exceeding 50 cm3. 8711.20.01 Motorcycles fitted with an auxiliary motor with reciprocating piston engine over 50 cm3 but not over 250 cm3. 8711.30.01 Motorcycles fitted with an auxiliary motor with reciprocating piston engine over 250 cm3 but not over 500 cm3. 8711.40.01 Motorcycles fitted with an auxiliary motor with reciprocating piston engine over 500 cm3 but less than 550 cm3. 8711.90.99 Other (motorcycles, cycles fitted with an auxiliary motor and sidecars without a reciprocating piston engine, and that are not sidecars for motorcycles and velocipedes of any kind presented separately). 8712.00.02 Bicycles, other than of the type for racing. 8712.00.99 Other (cycles, not motorized, except bicycles, and tricycles for the transport of merchandise). 8716.10.01 Trailers and semitrailers for housing and camping, of the caravan type. 8716.31.02 Steeltank type tankers, including cryogenic or hoppers. 8716.31.99 Other (tankers except of the steeltank type, and of the thermal type for the transportation of milk). 8716.39.01 Trailers or semitrailers of the platform type, with or without stakes, including those accepted for the transport of boxes or metal baskets for cans and bottles or container carriers, or low beds, except those with hydraulic or pneumatic suspension and collapsible gooseneck. 8716.39.02 Trailers or semitrailers for the transport of vehicles. 8716.39.04 Trailers of the modularplatform type with directional axis, including transporter bridge section, hydraulic couplings or gooseneck or motor for hydraulic conditioning of the equipment. 8716.39.05 Semitrailers of the lowbed type, with pneumatic or hydraulic suspension and collapsible gooseneck. 8716.39.06 Trailers and semitrailers of the closedbox type, including refrigerated. 8716.39.07 Trailers and semitrailers of the steeltank type, including cryogenic and hoppers. 8716.39.99 Other (trailers and semitrailers for the transportation of goods, other than those provided for in items 8716.39.01, 8716.39.02, 8716.39.04, 8716.39.05, 8716.39.06 and 8716.39.07, and that are not vehicles for the transport of goods, with solid rubber wheels, nor doubledecker trailers or semitrailers of the type recognized as used exclusively for hauling cattle. 8716.40.01 Other trailers and semitrailers not used for transporting goods. 8716.80.99 Other (non-automotive vehicles except trailers or semitrailers, wheel barrows and handcarts, or wheel barrows of hydraulic operation).
b) Notwithstanding subparagraph (a), Mexico shall not prohibit or restrict the importation, on a temporary basis, of used goods provided for in the items set out in subparagraph (c) for the provision of a crossborder service subject to Chapter Twelve (CrossBorder Trade in Services) or the performance of a contract subject to Chapter Ten (Government Procurement), provided that the imported goods
(i) are necessary to the provision of the cross border service or the performance of the contract awarded to a supplier of another Party,
(ii) are used solely by or under the supervision of the service provider or the supplier performing the contract,
(iii) are not sold, leased or loaned while in the territory of Mexico,
(iv) are imported in no greater quantity than is necessary for the provision of the service or the performance of the contract,
(v) are reexported promptly on completion of the service or the contract, and
(vi) comply with other applicable requirements on the importation of such goods to the extent they are not inconsistent with this Agreement.
c) Subparagraph (b) applies to used goods provided for in the following items:
Item Description
8413.11.01 Distributors fitted with a measuring device even if it includes a totalizing mechanism. 8413.40.01 Concrete pumps for liquids, not fitted with a measuring device from 36 up to 60 m3/hr capacity. 8426.12.01 Mobile portals on tires and straddle carriers. 8426.19.01 Other (overhead travelling cranes, bridge cranes and straddle carriers). 8426.30.01 Portal cranes. 8426.41.01 Cranes with hydraulically actuated rigid jib, selfpropelled with maximum capacity above 9.9 tons and not exceeding 30 tons. 8426.41.02 Cranes with structural iron jib (lattice) with mechanical working, selfpropelled, with unit weight up to 55 tons. 8426.41.99 Other (machinery and apparatus, self propelled, on tires.) 8426.49.01 Cranes with structural iron jib (lattice) with mechanical working, with unit weight up to 55 tons. 8426.49.02 Cranes with hydraulically actuated rigid jib, selfpropelled, with load capacity above 9.9 tons and not exceeding 30 tons. 8426.91.01 Cranes, other than those provided for in items 8426.91.02, 8426.91.03 and 8426.91.04. 8426.99.01 Cranes 8426.99.02 Swivel cranes. 8426.99.99 Other (cranes and air cables ("blondines"); overhead travelling cranes, handling or unloading frames, bridge cranes, straddle carriers and straddle cranes). 8427.10.01 With load capacity up to 3,500 kilograms, measured at 620 millimeters from the frontal surface of the forks, without battery or loader. 8428.40.99 Other (escalators and moving walkways). 8428.90.99 Other (machinery and apparatus for lifting, loading, unloading or handling). 8429.11.01 Caterpillar type. 8429.19.01 Other (bulldozers and angledozers). 8429.30.01 Scrapers. 8429.40.01 Tamping machines. 8429.51.02 Frontend loader with hydraulic working, wheeltype, with capacity equal or less than 335 HP. 8429.51.03 Mechanical shovels, other than those provided for in item 8429.51.01. 8429.51.99 Other (mechanical shovels, excavators, loaders and frontend shovel loaders). 8429.52.02 Draglines or excavators, other than those provided for in item 8429.52.01. 8429.52.99 Other (machinery with a 360 revolving superstructure). 8429.59.01 Trenchers. 8429.59.02 Draglines, with dragging load capacity up to 4,000 kilograms. 8429.59.03 Draglines or excavators, other than those provided for in item 8429.59.04. 8429.59.99 Other (selfpropelled bulldozers, angledozers, graders, scrapers, mechanical shovels, excavators, loaders, shovel loaders, tamping machines and road rollers). 8430.31.01 Rotation and/or percussion perforators. 8430.31.99 Other (selfpropelled cutters, pullers or wrenchers and machines to open tunnels or galleries). 8430.39.01 Boring shields. 8430.39.99 Other (not selfpropelled cutters, pullers or wrenchers and machines to open tunnels or galleries). 8430.41.01 Boring or sinking machinery, other than those provided for in item 8430.41.02. 8430.41.99 Other (selfpropelled probing or boring machinery). 8430.49.99 Other (not selfpropelled probing or boring machinery). 8430.50.01 Excavators, frontal loaders with hydraulic mechanism, with capacity equal to or less than 335 h.p. 8430.50.02 Scrapers. 8430.50.99 Other (selfpropelled machinery and apparatus). 8430.61.01 Graders (pushers). 8430.61.02 Tamping or compacting rollers. 8430.62.01 Scarification machine (ripping machine). 8430.69.01 Scrapers, not selfpropelled. 8430.69.02 Trencher machine, other than those provided for in item 8430.69.03. 8430.69.99 Other (trenchers, other than those provided for in items 8430.69.01, 8430.69.02 and 8430.69.03). 8452.10.01 Sewing machines of the household type. 8452.21.04 Industrial machines, other than those provided for in items 8452.21.02, 8452.21.03 and 8452.21.05. 8452.21.99 Other (automatic sewing machines). 8452.29.06 Industrial machines, other than those provided for in items 8452.29.01, 8452.29.03 and 8452.29.05. 8452.29.99 Other (non-automatic sewing machines). 8452.90.99 Other (parts of sewing machines). 8471.10.01 Analogue or hybrid automatic data processing machines. 8474.20.01 Crushing and grinding with two or more cylinders. 8474.20.03 Blade crushing machines. 8474.20.04 Crushing machines of balls or bars. 8474.20.99 Other (machines and apparatus to break, crush or grind or pulverize dirt, stones and other solid mineral materials). 8474.39.99 Other (mixing machines). 8474.80.99 Other (machines and apparatus to classify, sieve, separate, break, crush, grind, mix, or knead dirt, stones and other mineral materials). 8477.10.01 Injectionmolding machines for thermoplastic materials, up to 5 kg capacity for one molding model. 8701.30.01 Caterpillar tractors with an engine power at the flywheel equal to or above 105 h.p., but less than 380 h.p. measured at 1,900 rpm, including pushing blade.
Section C - U.S. Measures
1. Articles 301 and 309 shall not apply to controls by the United States on the export of logs of all species.
2. Articles 301 and 309 shall not apply to:
a) taxes on imported perfume containing distilled spirits under existing provisions of section 5001(a)(3) and 5007(b)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, 26 U.S.C. 5001(a)(3), 5007(b)(2), and
b) measures under existing provisions of the Merchant Marine Act of 1920, 46 App. U.S.C. 883; the Passenger Vessel Act, 46 App. U.S.C. 289, 292, and 316; and 46 U.S.C. 12108, to the extent that such measures were mandatory legislation at the time of the United States' accession to the GATT and have not been amended so as to decrease their conformity with the GATT.
3. Articles 301 and 309 shall not apply to:
a) the continuation or prompt renewal of a non-conforming provision of any statute referred to in paragraph 2; and
b) the amendment to a non-conforming provision of any statute referred to in paragraph 2 to the extent that the amendment does not decrease the conformity of the provision with Articles 301 and 309.
Continue on to Annex 302.2: Tariff Elimination
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