5
BEST TIPS: |
Tools
of the Press
Office
• Have
as much written
material as possible
to distribute — not
so much that
the press is
overwhelmed,
but enough that
your story will
not be misinterpreted.
• Use
visuals.
• Use
video, audio,
and satellites
whenever possible
so as to enhance
the telling of
your message.
• Initiate.
Don't wait for
the press to
come to you.
Get your message
out by writing
op-eds, doing
editorial boards
with newspapers
and television
systems, and
getting the story
also told in
a newspaper's
feature section.
• Use
the Internet.
|
TOOLS OF THE
PRESS OFFICE
"We handed out
papers on everything," says
former White House
press secretary Dee
Dee Myers. During President
Bill Clinton's first
term, she says, the
White House press office
distributed to reporters
not only texts of speeches,
proclamations, and
press conferences,
but also press releases,
fact sheets, background
information on policies,
media advisories of
upcoming events, summaries
of points made in speeches
and policy documents,
analyses of the most
important points in
a document, and so
forth.
"Reporters are
busy, especially those
covering heads of state
and other government
leaders," she
says. "The breadth
of material they are
expected to cover is
daunting." Putting
material in writing
for the media helps.
Summarizing the material
and distributing it
in written form or
on-line means not having
to rely on someone's
hearing it correctly
in a speech or statement.
It also allows a press
spokesperson another
chance at restating
the major points, Myers
says.
In the United States,
as much as possible,
press offices write
and distribute to the
press, on paper and
on the Internet, statements,
policies, actions,
and plans. Writing
them and distributing
them in written form
achieves several goals:
- It helps government
officials and press
officers clearly
think out what they
want to say and to
refine their message.
- It increases the
odds that the media
will understand the
information correctly
and cuts down on
misinterpretation.
- It provides something
reporters can refer
back to when writing
their stories.
- It obviates having
to answer the same
questions over and
over because the
basic information
has been provided.
- It stimulates more
thoughtful, fact-based
questions from the
media.
- It increases the
chances the story
will come out with
the emphasis you
want.
Handing out summaries
and analyses with a
statement or speech
also enables the press
office to restate its
interpretation of the
news.
In the United States,
written communications
take many forms. Additionally,
press offices have
a number of other tools — visual
and oral — to
communicate with the
public through the
press. Among the common
communication tools
are:
Press
release,
which is written
like a news article
and is sometimes
used as the text
of news articles
by some publications.
A press release
is an account of
your story told
in one or two pages.
It should tell
who, what, where,
when, why, and
how in the first
paragraph, just
as in a news story.
The press release
should follow an
inverted pyramid
style, with information
appearing in its
order of importance
so that editors
can easily identify
key facts. The
key information
is presented at
the top, and the
pyramid declines
to a point at the
bottom with the
least important
news.
Media
advisory,
which is similar
to a press release,
but is prepared
to announce an
upcoming event
so that the media
can quickly assess
the event and decide
whether or not
to report on it.
A media advisory
should also include
who, what, when,
where, why, and
how. It should
be only one page
in length.
Fact sheet
or backgrounder,
which is an expanded
press release that
provides detailed
information on
a subject. It uses
facts and statistics,
but usually not
quotations, and
typically is distributed
with a press release.
Running up to four
or five pages,
the fact sheet
or backgrounder
should be in easily
readable form,
using techniques
such as bullets
or bold type for
each new fact.
Visuals,
such as pictures, graphs,
charts, and maps that
accompany press releases.
Biography,
which is given out
with a press release.
A biography briefly
provides the professional
record and accomplishments
of a person being appointed
to a new job, giving
a speech, or participating
in an event.
A list
of experts who
will reinforce
your message. The
list should include
names and telephone
numbers.
Other
texts,
which can include
all kinds of material.
At the White House,
for example, transcripts
of the president's
remarks and of
the daily press
briefing by the
press secretary
and other officials
are given out to
the media soon
after the events.
Proclamations,
statements, announcements
of personnel appointments
and nominations,
letters supporting
proposed legislation
by experts or professional
associations, and
other correspondence
to and from the
president are also
distributed to
the press daily.
Clippings,
which show primarily "good" stories
that have been printed.
Officials often make
attractive copies of
news articles that
are favorable to them
and put them into media
kits or press packets
with other materials.
Questions,
which are sometimes
given by officials
to reporters to spark
their interest in a
topic. In some instances,
you might write up
questions that interviewers
could ask an official.
Imaginative questions
create curiosity.
Press
packets or media
kits,
which contain several
items on a single
topic. The items
are inserted into
a folder with two
internal pockets
to hold them. For
the dedication
of a new school,
for example, a
media packet might
include:
- A folder bearing
the logo of the featured
school on the cover,
with inside flaps
holding press materials.
- A media advisory
that gives details
on the dedication
time, site, and significance.
- A press release
that specifies the
details of the dedication
service, contains
general information
about the school,
and includes quotes
from top officials
about the school.
- A media backgrounder
that presents detailed
facts and statistics,
such as specifics
on construction,
how many students
will attend the school,
and so forth.
- Biographies of
the speakers at the
event.
- Visuals such as
pictures of the school.
"Pitch
letter" or
telephone call,
which summarizes
a story idea in
one paragraph and
explains why readers
- or viewers — will
be attracted to
it. The pitch letter
or phone call provides
details, gives
names, describes
photo opportunities,
and summarizes
the story concept.
Video
and audio news
releases,
which have the
who, what, when,
where, why, and
how of a written
press release but
are presented as
a radio or television
story. Broadcasters
may use all or
part of the material
in a radio or television
news story and
identify the material
as coming from
a public relations
source. The video
news release should
be presented on
split audio tracks,
with the narrator
on one track and
sound bites and
natural sounds
on another. This
makes it easier
for the sound to
be rearranged in
editing.
Satellite
technology,
which allows newsmakers
to hold a meeting
or do an interview
and then transmit
the feed or news
to television stations
across country.
It offers a media
tour without the
investment of travel
and time. Typically,
public information
specialists tape
an event and then
purchase satellite
time to transmit
it via satellite
feed. To do this
properly, you need
a studio that can
transmit live pictures
and sound and can
give television
reporters the opportunity
to ask questions
over the phone
while taping the
official answering
the questions.
Stations need to
be notified when
the satellite feed
will be available
and how to access
it.
Radio
actuality,
which is an audio
recording of the
government official
making a short
statement as if
it were an actual
interview. Some
U.S. politicians
do radio actualities
every day at regular
times. Either they
transmit them directly
to reporters or
give them a phone
number to an answering
machine that contains
the statement.
To do this properly,
a high-quality
tape recorder is
needed with an
attachment that
connects a telephone
to the tape recorder.
The material also
can be posted on
the World Wide
Web for downloading.
Separate
phone line,
which can be used
to record the government
official's daily
schedule for media
reference.
Press
conferences,
at which officials
announce news on
an issue. To be
effective and credible,
the news should
be timely and substantive.
Interviews,
which give officials
a chance to talk, usually
one on one, with a
reporter and get their
ideas across in a more
in-depth manner than
at a press conference.
Editorial
boards,
which are meetings
between the newsmaker
and the editor
of a newspaper's
editorial page,
editorial and opinion
writers, and reporters
from the news sections
to discuss a topic.
Major television
and cable networks
also have similar
meetings. The editorial
board can give
a government official
an opportunity
to explain his
or her ideas in
depth, which can
lead the media
to a deeper understanding
of the government's
policies and often
results in news
stories and editorials.
Off-the-record
meetings,
at which officials
meet with reporters
to provide background
or context on topics
of news interest.
Op-eds,
opinion pieces,
and columns,
which are used
by newsmakers to
express opinions.
Some politicians
write a weekly
column in an effort
to get their opinions
directly to the
people.
Speeches,
which are used to promote
policies, unveil new
programs, explain positions,
and build consensus.
Advance copies of speeches
are often given to
the press, and copies
are sent to interested
journalists who cannot
attend a media event.
Putting speeches on
the Internet is also
effective. If possible,
when distributing a
speech, begin with
a summary of the material
to give reporters a
synopsis of the main
theme. Always keep
a list of the media
to whom material was
sent.
Media
tours,
which move beyond
the capital city
and reach out to
the media regionally.
Media tours should
give regional press
news targeted to
their regions and
explain how their
citizens will be
affected by government
policies.
Features,
which tell a story
in a non-hard-news
fashion. Public information
specialists don't rely
only on hard-news sections
of print publications
when telling their
stories, but use feature
and other sections,
too.
The Internet,
which provides a venue
to communicate directly
with the public without
the filter of the media.
It also provides for
quick communication
with reporters. Additionally,
the Internet offers
the capability for
back-and-forth communication
between government
officials and the public.
Press offices can establish
their own local electronic
bulletin boards. The
Internet has it all:
text, pictures, video,
and sound. Government
press offices also
use the Internet to
direct users to vast
amounts of original
documents on line.
To be effective, the
Web site needs to be
updated frequently.
E-mail,
which includes group
e-mail addresses so
that with one keyboard
command, information
can be transmitted
easily to numerous
interested people.
Photo
opportunities,
or "photo
ops," which
allow an official
to have his/her
picture taken with
constituents, such
as award recipients,
to be sent to the
recipients' hometown
newspapers for
publicity. When
a photograph is
taken and then
mailed, be sure
to identify the
people in the photo
and the meeting.
News materials might
be of interest to only
some reporters. In
the White House press
room, for example,
a journalist often
will pick up a press
release, read it, and
put it back because
it does not pertain
to what he covers.
But it is important
that it's available
to those who do want
and need it.