�������塦��価�A����髡�泡����大泡�审�馡�������/H1>
�����������·塦裡�德桦��/em>
1967幡�0����2����������德·馡������塦�塦佡����大泡�审��������������髡�泡����桦审�å¸å°±åº§ï¡¦ä»¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¤¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¡ï¿½è¥¿è¡¦äº¡ï¿½å¹¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½æ³¡ï¿½è¢¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ (Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States)
|
����961年桦��A��������德·馡������已綡����塦泡�御�両�廢顦�種�����������衦佡����䡦一����羡�����������������䡦���硦�����大貢���〡����桦�馬æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½é¦¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â·è·¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ°¡ï¿½æ¬¡ï¿½æ´»å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½äººå¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¥å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¦å®¡ï¿½æ³¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½è¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äººâ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¦æ³¡ï¿½å¾¡ï¿½ä¿¡ï¿½è·ã€¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ³¡ï¿½å¾¡ï¿½ä¸¡ï¿½ç¢ºå¡¦ä¸¡ï¿½å¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å ´æ¡¦ï¿½å¯¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¨¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¦¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ä»¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾¡ï¿½å¸¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äº¡ï¿½å¹¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äº¡ï¿½ä¸€ç¨¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¦ï¼¡ï¿½ä½¡ï¿½964年硦������氡�次�泡�����(Civil Rights Act)ç¡ï¿½ä¸€ç³»å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½æ³¡ï¿½å¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦å°¡ï¿½å¤¡ï¿½ç¨¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¼¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å ´å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½æ§è¡¦å®¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¦ï¿½ï¿½æ³¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����馡���·跡���·����以塦�����䡦����洲衦羡���������袡�人硦������������������馡������塦���������������åºã€¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ°¡ï¿½æ¬¡ï¿½é¬¥ç¡¦ï¿½ã€¡ï¿½ä½¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½é€²é¡¦äººç¤¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¢¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¿ºè¿ªç¸½çµ±(John F. Kennedy)1961年任���馬æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ä»»è¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åº·æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ä½¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¦å·¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äº¡ï¿½å·¡è¿´ä¸¡ï¿½è¨´æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦å®¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸¡ï¿½è¨´æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½é«¡ï¿½æ³¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½é«¡ï¿½ç´¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¦¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»»è¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¨´æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦å®¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¬¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´²è¡¦ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äººã€¡ï¿½
馡������塦������任衦��������訴桦���桦审������������主ç¡ï¿½98份桦御�����覡����両����桦��一份桦��覡����被���髡�泡����推翻〡�
1965年詹桦總統(Lyndon B. Johnson)任塦�馬æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ä»»è¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æª¢å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡¦æ¤æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½é¦¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å·²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äº¤å¡¦ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½é«¡ï¿½æ³¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½è¿¡ï¿½30����桡�å¡ï¿½ä¸å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½è¨´ã€¡ï¿½ ����一���硦��任塦�使仡�������起塦�����髡�泡����硦�桦�塦辡����������責����
仡�����任衦��������檢塦���接��������笡�������桡�å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¥½æ¶¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ°¡ï¿½æ¬¡ï¿½æ´»å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½äººå¡¦è¢¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ®ºç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¨¡ï¿½æ¡¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´»å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½äººå¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å§¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¦ï¿½å°¼(James Chaney)����审�德é¯Â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Andrew Goodman)���������������·桦�桦紡�(Michael Schwerner)����仡������������顦人顦�桦註塦�����衦御�A�袡�������æ§è¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ®ºå¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦è¥¿è¥¿æ¯¡ï¿½å·¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´¡ï¿½ç´¢å·´ç¸£ã€¡ï¿½å¯¡ï¿½è¥¿è¥¿æ¯¡ï¿½å·¡ï¿½æ³¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½çµ¡ï¿½å°¡ï¿½æ®ºäººï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®¡ï¿½ç½¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½¡ï¿½é¦¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èª¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«¡ï¿½æ³¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¦ä»¤å¡¦ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½é¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬¡ï¿½æ³¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é€²è¡¦å¯¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã€¡ï¿½
1967幡�����13���詹桦總統��������馡������桦��任硦�������髡�泡����桦�����以価�����笡���佡�����洲衦大桦审����� 詹桦總統誡���"�������信仡�已衦御�亡�仡�����æ·å¡¦ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ä¡¦ï¼¡ï¿½ä½¡ï¿½ä»¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«¡ï¿½æ³¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å°±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ä½¿ä¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¤§ã€¡ï¿½"
���髡�泡����大泡�审�1990年塦��影御�����巡���A�审����尼·����迺迪����桡�德桦��·���·奧康硦����审����塦·�������塦��������大衦·���������������巡���A�����裡�·帡�������������������������桦�硦�〡�馡�å¸å¤§æ³¡ï¿½å®¡ï¿½å¨¡ï¿½å»¡ï¿½Â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã€¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾·Â·é¦¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã€¡ï¿½ç´¡ï¿½ç¿°Â·ä¡¦ç¾¡ï¿½Â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½br> (© AP Images)
|
�������·衦棡���絡�巡�����967幡�����13���塦佡���������總桦寡����硦�����德·馡���������������任桦�髡�泡����桦审�����(© AP Images) |
詹桦言乡������������� ����管塦�����桦��亡�巡���������è°å¡¦ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½å°¡ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½ä½¡ï¿½é¦¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¢ºèª¡ï¿½ä¸¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½967幡�0����2���就任桦�髡�泡����大泡�审�����æ£å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½¡ï¿½å¤§å¸æ³¡ï¿½å¸æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â·ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½è¿ºè¿ª(Randall L. Kennedy)���誡���馡������䡦乡�就桦����������工硦繡�次��������尡����桦��裡�次������������髡�婡������䡦�������大言諡��������桦�������以塦������渡����è¦æ¬¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½"��������审���������������������迺迪��������寡�����A�"���髡�泡����䡦���桦��任䡦一佡��������塦社桦��両�平硦����顡�絡���妡�æ¤å¼·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ³¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½"
馡������桦审�����決塦��尡�極塦��A�尡�毡�起䡦訴塦�桦�髡�泡����硦��æ»å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å°¡ï¿½ç¥¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸¡ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½å¦¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ°¡ï¿½æ¬¡ï¿½ä¸€æ¨£ï¡¦ä»¡ï¿½æ¥µå¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡¡ï¿½è¨€è«¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã€¡ï¿½1972年馡������硦�����������塦����示塦活塦��泡�覡��������桦�����硦�����桦�工人塦���·莫��������Earl Mosley)一�����������������������塦�������������髡�ä¸é¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ§è¡¦ï¼¡ï¿½å¸¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½¡ï¿½æ³¡ï¿½ä»¤ï¡¦ç¦¡ï¿½æ¢å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½50���尺篡��������衦��衡����塦��工示娡�以塦����任䡦示塦活塦��A���������������æ¤æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã€¡ï¿½é¦¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡¦å¸¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ä¸¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¨±å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½å®¡ï¿½è¦¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½è¨€è«¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 仡�寡�����A�
���馡�覡���������������笡���梡�信���桡�����(First Amendment)�������������������塦���桦���桦�衦諡�����賡�訡������������〡�主顦�������塦����尡�言諡����以顦�����〡����䡦计����������������治������������繼硦���塦A����䡦確䡦毡�����人塦���衦������A���������人桦亡�����両��������塦寡����塦�表����任䡦�������硦��次��������
馡������桦��991年塦���髡�泡����退伡�A�1993年去両�A�亡���84æ²ã€¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸½çµ±(Bill Clinton)�������亡���������������������家大�����������馬æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡¦ï¿½ï¿½è¡¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¿½æ¡¦ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½å¼¡ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å€¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¼¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¦ï¿½è¡¦å¯¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã€¡ï¿½é¦¡ï¿½å¸å¤§æ³¡ï¿½å®¡ï¿½å¨¡ï¿½å»¡ï¿½Â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½William Rehnquist)���桦�è¾èª¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���髡�泡����æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½"泡�御����塦��人人平硦"����毡����硦������A��������德·馡������硦�使�������衦�������硦�塦佡����䡦���衦������������貢硦�〡�
|