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National Security Council
Condoleezza Rice
Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs |
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National Security Advisor
Other work experience: Professor and provost, Stanford University; Hoover Institute fellow.
Education: B.S.,Ph.D in political science, University of Denver; M.A., Notre Dame University.
President Bush on Rice: "Dr. Rice is not only a brilliant person; she is an experienced person. She is a good manager. I trust her judgment. America will find that she is a wise person, and I'm so honored you're joining the administration."
Rice on national security: "George W. Bush will never allow America and our allies to be blackmailed. And make no mistake; blackmail is what the outlaw states seeking long-range ballistic missiles have in mind. It is time to move beyond the Cold War. It is time to have a president devoted to a new nuclear strategy and to the deployment of effective missile defenses at the earliest possible date. George W. Bush knows that America has allies and friends who share our values. As he has said, the president should call our allies when they are not needed, so that he can call upon them when they are needed."
Background: Rice, 46, is known for her expertise on Russian affairs and arms control. She supports a ballistic missile defense for the United States and has raised questions about current U.S. military deployments, saying that U.S. leaders should examine resources and sometimes consider arranging coalitions to share military burdens.
Regarding the possibility of negotiating lower U.S.-Russian nuclear levels, Rice has said the current bilateral strategic concept dates back to the the Cold War and that "it is time for a new strategic concept." She has indicated that the number of nuclear weapons the United States needs for the future should be determined through an internal review.
Rice has written or collaborated on several books, including "Germany Unified and Europe Transformed" (1995), "The Gorbachev Era" (1986), and "Uncertain Allegiance: The Soviet Union and the Czechoslovak Army" (1984). Upon her arrival in Washington in 1986, she worked on nuclear strategic planning at the Joint Chiefs of Staff as part of a Council on Foreign Relations fellowship.
Deputy National Security Advisor
Stephen Hadley, 53, served as assistant secretary of defense for international security policy from 1989 to 1993 and was responsible for defense policy on NATO and Western Europe, nuclear weapons and ballistic missile defense, and arms control. He was also active in the negotiations that resulted in the START I and START II treaties.
Hadley worked closely with the Bush-Cheney campaign as a foreign policy advisor and is currently a partner in the Washington law firm of Shea & Gardner and a principal in The Scowcroft Group international consulting firm.
He earned a bachelor's degree from Cornell University and a law degree from Yale Law School.
Deputy National Security Advisor for
National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice announced October 9, 2001 the appointment of General Wayne A. Downing, U.S. Army (Retired), as Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisor for Combating Terrorism, effective immediately. General Downing is a highly decorated combat veteran. He retired in 1996 after a 34-year career in the United States Army. During his career, he served in a variety of command assignments in infantry, armored, special operations and joint units culminating in his appointment as the Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM). General Downing served overseas in Europe and Asia for over 9 years. He has had extensive experience in combating terrorism, crisis management, training large and small organizations, planning and programming, and in acquisition. General Downing has worked closely with other agencies of the U.S. Government to include the intelligence community and the Department of State. Following retirement, General Downing was appointed by the Secretary of Defense to assess the 1996 terrorist attack on the U.S. base at Khobar Towers in Saudi Arabia, and to make recommendations on how to protect Americans and U.S. facilities worldwide from terrorist attack. General Downing has recently served on the National Commission on Terrorism, mandated by the United States Congress. General Downing sits on several boards in the private sector and a government advisory panel. General Downing has a B.S. degree in Engineering from the United States Military Academy and a Master's degree in Business Administration from Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana.
Special Advisor to the President
National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice and Director of Homeland Security Governor Ridge announced October 9, 2001 the appointment of Richard A. Clarke as Special Advisor to the President for Cyberspace Security, effective immediately. Mr. Clarke has served in several senior national security posts. Most recently he served as National Coordinator for Security, Infrastructure Protection, and Counter-terrorism on the National Security Council. As National Coordinator, he led the U.S. government's efforts on counter-terrorism, cyber security, continuity of government operations, domestic preparedness for weapons of mass destruction, and international organized crime. In the George H.W. Bush Administration, he was the Assistant Secretary of State for Politico-Military Affairs. In that capacity, he coordinated State Department support of Desert Storm and lead efforts to create post-war security architecture. In 1992, General Scowcroft appointed Mr. Clarke to the National Security Council staff. He continued as a member of the NSC staff throughout the Clinton Administration. In the Reagan Administration, Mr. Clarke was the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence. Richard Clarke is a career member of the Senior Executive Service, having begun his federal service in 1973 in the Office of the Secretary of Defense. Mr. Clarke is a graduate of the Boston Latin School, the University of Pennsylvania, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Senior Director for Defense Policy and Arms Control
National Security Advisor Dr. Condoleezza Rice announced February 22 the appointment of Franklin C. Miller as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Defense Policy and Arms Control.
Mr. Miller, a career civil servant, has held a series of senior-level positions in the Defense Department for over a decade. Immediately prior to joining the NSC staff, he had served for three months as Acting Assistant Secretary of Defense (Strategy and Threat Reduction), and for the preceding 34 months as the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary in that office. Prior to that, Mr. Miller had served as Acting Assistant Secretary (International Security Policy) from September 1996 to November 1997, and was the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary in that office from 1993 until September 1996. He was Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Nuclear Forces and Arms Control Policy) from 1989 to 1993. Mr. Miller has been a member of the Senior Executive Service since 1984. He served as a naval officer on active duty afloat from 1972 to 1975, and was a naval reservist from 1975 to 1980.
Born in New York City, Mr. Miller received his BA from Williams College and has a MPA from Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. He and his wife Alice have two sons.
Senior Director for Proliferation Strategy, Counterproliferation and Homeland Defense
National Security Advisor Dr. Condoleezza Rice announced February 22 the appointment of Robert G. Joseph as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Proliferation Strategy, Counterproliferation and Homeland Defense, effective January 22, 2001.
Prior to joining the National Security Council staff, Dr. Joseph served as a Professor of National Security Studies and Director of the Center for Counterproliferation Research at the National Defense University. In the previous Bush Administration, he held the positions of U.S. Commissioner to the Standing Consultative Commission (ABM Treaty) and Ambassador to the U.S.-Russian Consultative Commission on Nuclear Testing. In the Reagan Administration, he held several positions within the Office of the Secretary of Defense, including Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Policy and Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear Forces and Arms Control Policy.
Dr. Joseph has taught at Carleton College and the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. He holds a Ph.D. from Columbia University and an M.A. from the University of Chicago.
Senior Director for International Economic Affairs
National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice announced May 2, 2001, the appointment of John A. Cloud as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for International Economic Affairs, effective April 30, 2001. Mr. Cloud has been Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Mission to the European Union from 1999 to 2001. From 1996 to 1999, Mr. Cloud served as the Deputy Chief of Mission at the American Embassy in Warsaw, Poland. From 1991 to 1995, Mr. Cloud was the Economic Counselor at the American Embassy in Bonn, Germany. He served at the State Department from 1988 to 1991 as Bulgarian/Albanian Desk Officer and as Economic Desk Officer for Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia. Mr. Cloud served in Mexico as well as an earlier assignment in Warsaw, Poland. In the State Department, he has also worked in the Bureaus of Economic & Business and Intelligence & Research. Mr. Cloud received his B.A. from the University of Connecticut in 1975, and a Masters in International Affairs from George Washington University in 1977. Raised in Connecticut, Mr. Cloud lives in Virginia. He and his wife, Mary, have two daughters, Jennifer and Michelle.
Senior Director for Democracy, Human Rights,
National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice announced June 28, 2001, the appointment of Elliot Abrams as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Democracy, Human Rights, and International Operations at the National Security Council, effective June 25, 2001. Mr. Abrams has been President of the Ethics and Public Policy Center in Washington, D.C., since 1996. He served as Chairman of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom from June 2000 to May 2001. Mr. Abrams began his service in the U.S. Government in the 1970s as Assistant Counsel to the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, as Special Counsel to Senator Henry M. Jackson, and as Special Counsel and then Chief of Staff to Senator Daniel P. Moynihan. During the Reagan Administration, Mr. Abrams served as Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs, as Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs, and then as Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs. He was a Senior Fellow at the Hudson Institute from 1989 to 1996. Mr. Abrams was born in New York City. He received his B.A. from Harvard College in 1969, a master's degree in International Relations from the London School of Economics in 1970, and his J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1973. Mr. Abrams and his wife Rachel have three children.
Senior Director for Intelligence Programs
National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice announced July 9, 2001, the appointment of Mary K. Sturtevant as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Intelligence Programs, National Security Council staff. Ms. Sturtevant comes to the NSC from the Central Intelligence Agency, where she served in senior positions in the Directorate of Operations, the Directorate of Science and Technology, and as Agency Comptroller. In recent years, Ms. Sturtevant played a key role in the development of CIA's information operations program. Ms. Sturtevant also served as a senior staff member on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, where she provided oversight of tactical military and national foreign intelligence and counterintelligence programs. Earlier in her career, Ms. Sturtevant worked as an analyst with CIA's Directorate of Intelligence and at the BDM Corporation on technology transfer and arms control issues. A native of California, Ms. Sturtevant has a B.A. from the University of California at Santa Barbara in History and Russian Area Studies and an M.A. in Soviet Studies and International Economics from the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies. Ms. Sturtevant and her husband, Alan V. Asay, live in Virginia with their son and daughter.
Senior Director for European and Eurasian Affairs
National Security Advisor Dr. Condoleezza Rice announced February 22, 2001 the appointment of Ambassador Daniel Fried as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for European and Eurasian Affairs, effective January 20, 2001. Ambassador Fried has been Principal Deputy Special Advisor to the Secretary of State for the New Independent States. He was Ambassador to Poland from November 1997 until May 2000. Daniel Fried began his career with the Foreign Service in 1977. He served in the Economic bureau of the State Department from 1977 to 1979, at the U.S. Consulate General in then-Leningrad from 1980 to 1981, as political officer in the U.S. Embassy in Belgrade from 1982 to 1985, and in the Office of Soviet Affairs at the State Department from 1985 to 1987. Ambassador Fried was Polish Desk Officer at the State Department from 1987 to 1989 and served as Political Counselor in the U.S. Embassy in Warsaw from 1990 to 1993. Ambassador Fried served on the staff of the National Security Council from 1993 until 1997, first as a Director and then as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Central and Eastern Europe. At the White House, he was active in designing U.S. policy on Euroatlantic security, including NATO enlargement and the Russia-NATO relationship. Ambassador Fried received a B.A., magna cum laude, from Cornell University in 1974 and a Masters in International Affairs from Columbia University in 1977. Raised in California, Ambassador Fried lives in the District of Columbia. He and his wife, Olga Karpiw, have two daughters, Hannah and Sophie.
Senior Director for Gulf, Southwest Asia
National Security Advisor Dr. Condoleezza Rice announced May 23, 2001, the appointment of Dr. Zalmay Khalilzad as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Gulf, Southwest Asia and Other Regional Issues, National Security Council. Dr. Khalilzad headed the Bush-Cheney Transition team for the Department of Defense and has been a Counselor to Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld. Between 1993 and 1999, Dr. Khalilzad was Director of the Strategy, Doctrine and Force Structure program for RAND's Project Air Force. While with RAND, he founded the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. Between 1991 and 1992, Dr. Khalilzad served as Assistant Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Planning. He also served as a senior political scientist at RAND and an associate professor at the University of California at San Diego in 1989 and 1991. From 1985 to 1989 at the Department of State, Dr. Khalilzad served as Special Advisor to the Under Secretary of State for Policy working policy issues, advising on the Iran-Iraq War, and the Soviet War in Afghanistan. From 1979 to 1989, Dr. Khalilzad was an Assistant Professor of Political Science at Columbia University. Dr. Khalilzad holds a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago (1979). He lives in Maryland with his wife Cheryl Benard and their two children, Alexander and Max.
Senior Director for Asian Affairs
National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice announced March 2 the appointment of Torkel L. Patterson as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Asian Affairs, National Security Council staff, effective February 12.
Prior to joining the National Security Council staff, Mr. Patterson concurrently served as President, North Asia Division, President of Raytheon Japan, and Senior Country Manager for Taiwan for Raytheon International, Inc. from 1998-2000. Before that, he headed a small business development consulting firm based in Honolulu from 1994-1998 and concurrently was a senior associate of the Pacific Forum, CSIS.
Mr. Patterson served as Director of Asian Affairs, National Security Council staff, from 1991-1993, and as Senior Director for Japan in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, Department of Defense, from 1988-1991.
A retired naval officer, Mr. Patterson is a graduate of the United States Naval Academy and was an Olmsted Scholar at the University of Tsukuba, in Ibaraki, Japan. A native of Seal Beach, California, Mr. Patterson claims Hawaii as his home state. He and his wife, Susan, have one son and one daughter.
Senior Director for Western Hemisphere Affairs
National Security Advisor Dr. Condoleezza Rice announced February 22, 2001, the appointment of Ambassador John F. Maisto as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Western Hemisphere Affairs, effective January 22. Ambassador Maisto served as Ambassador to Venezuela from 1997-2000, and most recently was Foreign Policy Advisor at the U.S. Southern Command. He previously served as Ambassador to Nicaragua from 1993-96. He was Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Central American Affairs, 1992-93; and Deputy U.S. Representative to the Organization of American States, 1989-92. Earlier, he served in Panama as Deputy Chief of Mission, as Director of the State Department's Office of Philippine Affairs, and at American Embassies in Manila, San Jose, and La Paz. He was in the U.S. Information Agency in Argentina and Bolivia, and has been a career Foreign Service Officer since 1968. A native of Braddock, Pennsylvania, Ambassador Maisto has a B.S. from Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service, and a M.A. from the University of San Carlos, Guatemala. He and his wife, Maria Consuelo Gaston Maisto, have one son and two daughters.
Senior Director for African Affairs
National Security Advisor Dr. Condoleezza Rice announced February 22, 2001, the appointment of Dr. Jendayi E. Frazer as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for African Affairs at the National Security Council. Dr. Frazer comes to the NSC from Harvard University, where she has been serving as an Assistant Professor of Public Policy at the Kennedy School of Government. As a Council on Foreign Relations International Affairs Fellow, she served as a political-military planner with the Joint Chiefs of Staff in the Department of Defense, and as Director for African Affairs at the National Security Council. She has also worked on African security issues with the State Department's International Military Education Training programs and the United Nations Development Program. Dr. Frazer was a visiting fellow at the Center for International Security and Arms Control at Stanford University; a research associate at the Institute for Development Studies at the University of Nairobi, Kenya; a member of the faculty of the Graduate School of International Studies, University of Denver; and editor of the journal Africa Today. Dr. Frazer graduated from Stanford University with a B.A. in political science and African and African-American Studies, M.A.s in international policy studies and international development education and a Ph.D. in political science. |
