(Extractos de art・ulos actuales)

Brooks, John P.J. A MILITARY MODEL FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (Parameters: Journal of the U.S. Army War College, vol. 27, no. 4, Winter 1997/1998, pp. 108-120)

Noting that Africa has "a history of conflict and instability for which there is no end in view," the author outlines a proposed new model for deterring and settling regional conflicts. "There is an increasing willingness among Africans to solve their own problems," he notes. However, many factors inhibit the success of regional peace operations, "the most pressing of which is a general lack of resources." The author's model is based on lessons learned from past peacekeeping efforts and on the potential contribution of South Africa, which "has the means and can be the catalyst, if so inclined, for successful future peace operations in Africa."

Diehl, Paul; Druckman, Daniel; Wall, James. INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT: A TAXONOMIC ANALYSIS WITH IMPLICATIONS (The Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 42, issue 1, February 1998, pp. 33-55)

This article seeks to classify international peacekeeping missions by function, using a theoretical framework derived from scholarly literature on conflict management and resolution. The authors divide peacekeeping operations into 12 categories: traditional, observation, collective enforcement, election supervision, humanitarian assistance, state/nation building, pacification, preventive deployment, arms control verification, protective services, intervention to support democracy, and sanctions enforcement. They conclude that "divergent missions are best handled by different sets of personnel or separate operations." They also discuss how peacekeepers should be trained for varied missions.

Franke, Volker C. WARRIORS FOR PEACE: THE NEXT GENERATION OF U.S. MILITARY LEADERS (Armed Forces and Society, vol. 24, no. 1, Fall 1997, pp. 33-57)

The author examines the extent to which military socialization at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point prepares future officers for the changing security requirements of the post-Cold War world. The increasing U.S. involvement in operations other than war requires military personnel to adjust "both cognitively and affectively" to the military's shifting strategic aims, he says. "If recent trends hold, and the armed forces continue to be charged with peace operations, leadership training should foster the capacity of future officers to shift focus and adjust effectively between combat and noncombat roles."

Khanna, Jyoti; Sandler, Todd; Shimizu, Hirofumi. SHARING THE FINANCIAL BURDEN FOR UN AND NATO PEACEKEEPING, 1976-1996 (Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 42, no. 2, April 1998, pp. 176-195)

The authors examine peacekeeping financial burdensharing for three groups of UN members that accounted for most of the UN's peacekeeping spending from 1976 to 1996. In the 1990s, they contend, "there is evidence that rich countries are carrying a disproportionate burden for the poor countries in terms of the financing of peacekeeping and enforcement missions." The article also speculates on how NATO and UN peacekeeping burdens will be shared during the coming decade.

Sharp, Jane M.O. DAYTON REPORT CARD (International Security, vol. 22, no. 3, Winter 1997/98, pp. 101-136)

Sharp gives an overview of the Dayton peace agreement and the West's contributions to the peace process in Bosnia. The author discusses what she terms the "structural problems" of the Dayton agreement and offers recommendations for future policy in the region. Sharp contends that "the tendency to appease rather than punish the aggression still drove western policy in trying to consolidate the peace in Bosnia during 1996 and 1997."

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