====================================================================== THE LANGUAGE OF TRADE ====================================================================== ACRONYMS USED IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE: -------------- A -------------- ACDA Arms Control and Disarmament Agency ACP African, Caribbean and Pacific countries ACTPN Advisory Committee on Trade Policy Negotiations AD anti-dumping Ad Val ad valorem tariff rate ADB Asian Development Bank A/DS Agent Distributor Service (U.S. Commerce Department) AECA Arms Export Control Act AFDB African Development Bank AFDF African Development Fund AID U.S. Agency for International Development AIT American Institute in Taiwan APCAC Asia-Pacific Council of American Chambers of Commerce APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation APTA Automotive Products Trade Act ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations ATA admission temporaire--temporary admission ATAC(s) Agricultural Technical Advisory Committee(s) ATCA Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft ATPA Andean Trade Preference Act AUI ASEAN-U.S. Initiative AVE ad valorem equivalent -------------- B -------------- BARs buy American restrictions BEA Bureau of Economic Analysis (U.S. Commerce Department) BFC Business Facilitation Center (U.S. Commerce Department) BIS Bank for International Settlements BISNET Business Information Service for the Newly Independent States (U.S. Commerce Department) BIT bilateral investment treaty BNC binational commission BOND Business Outreach to New Democracies Program BOP balance of payments BOT balance of trade BSP business sponsored or between show promotion BTN Brussels Tariff Nomenclature BXA Bureau of Export Administration (U.S. Commerce Department) -------------- C -------------- C&F cost and freight CACM Central American Common Market CAD/CAM computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing CADIC comparative analysis of domestic industry's condition CAFC Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit CAP Common Agricultural Policy (EU) or country action plan CARIBCAN Canadian-Caribbean Basin Initiative CARICOM Caribbean Common Market CBERA Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act CBI Caribbean Basin Initiative CCC Commodity Credit Corporation or Customs Cooperation Council CCCN Customs Cooperation Council Nomenclature CCL Commerce Control List formerly: Commodity Control List) CCNAA Coordination Council for North American Affairs (Taiwan) CCPIT China Council for the Promotion of International Trade CEA Chinese Economic Area or Council of Economic Advisors CEO chief executive officer CER Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relations CET common external tariff CFIUS Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States CFTA U.S.- Canada Free Trade Agreement CG consul general, consulate general CG-18 Consultative Group of Eighteen (GATT) CIF cost, insurance and freight CIME Committee on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises CIMS Commercial Information Management System (U.S. Commerce Department) CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CIT Court of International Trade CITA Committee for the Implementation of Textile Agreements CITIC China International Trust and Investment Corp. CIV Customs Import Value CMP country marketing plan CNUSA Commercial News USA (U.S.Commerce Department) COCOM Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls CODEX Codex Alimentarius Commission COE Council of Europe COMECON Council for Mutual Economic Assistance CON consul, consular section COP cost of production CP Contracting Party CPAC Commodity Policy Advisory Committee CPE centrally planned economy CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe CSIS Center for Strategic and International Studies CT countertrade CTA Committee on Trade in Agriculture (GATT) CTF Certified Trade Fair (U.S. Commerce Department) CV constructed value CVD countervailing duty CXT common external tariff -------------- D -------------- DAC Development Assistance Committee (OECD) DAV domestic added value DCs developed countries DF duty free DISC Domestic International Sales Corporation DOC U.S. Department of Commerce DOD U.S. Department of Defense DOT U.S. Department of Transportation DRAM dynamic random access memory DS dispute settlement DSU Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (Uruguay Round) -------------- E -------------- EAA Export Administration Act (U.S.) EAI Enterprise for the Americas Initiative EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EC European Community ECDC economic cooperation among developing countries ECE Economic Commission for Europe ECGF Export Credit Guarantee Facility ECSC European Coal and Steel Community ECU European currency unit EEC European Economic Community EEP Export Enhancement Program (U.S.) EFTA European Free Trade Association EITCA U.S.-Soviet Union Agreement to Facilitate Economic, Industrial and Technical Cooperation EMS European monetary system EMU European monetary unit EPC Economic Policy Council (U.S.) or European Patent Convention EPROM erasable programmable read-only memory ERs export restraints ERM exchange rate mechanism ESA European Space Agency ESAF Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility ESCMIA Education, Scientific and Cultural Material Import Act ESP exporter's sales price ETC export trading company ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute EU European Union Ex-Im Bank Export-Import Bank of the United States -------------- F -------------- FAO Food and Agricultural Organization FARA Foreign Agents Registration Act FAS Foreign Agriculture Service (U.S. Agriculture Department) or free alongside ship FCIA Foreign Credit Insurance Association (U.S.) FCN Freedom, Commerce and Navigation Treaty FCO Foreign and Commonwealth Office (U.K.) FCPA Foreign Corrupt Practices Act FCS Foreign Commercial Service (U.S. Commerce Department) FDIUS Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S. FISC Foreign International Sales Corporation FMC Federal Maritime Commission (U.S.) FMS foreign military sales FMSCR foreign military sales credit FMV foreign market value FOB free on board FOGS functioning of the GATT system FOIA Freedom of Information Act (U.S.) FOR free on rail FOREX foreign exchange FOT free on truck FR Federal Register (U.S.) FTA free trade area or free trade agreement FTC Federal Trade Commission (U.S.) FTS Federal Telecommunications System (U.S.) FTZ foreign trade zone FTZ-board Federal Trade Zone Board FTZ-SZ FTZ-Subzone FV fair value FX Foreign Exchange Service -------------- G -------------- GAB General Agreement to Borrow GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GCC Gulf Cooperation Council GDP gross domestic product GEF Global Environmental Facility GNG Group of Negotiations on Goods GNP gross national product or government procurement GNS Group of Negotiations on Services GP-zones general purpose FTZs GSP Generalized System of Preferences GSTP global system of trade preferences -------------- H -------------- HM home market HS Harmonized System HTS Harmonized Tariff Schedule HTSUS Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States -------------- I -------------- IA Import Administration (U.S. Commerce Department) IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IC integrated circuit or Industry Committee of the OECD ICA International Coffee Agreement or International Cocoa Agreement or international commodity agreement ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ICB international competitive bidding ICC International Chamber of Commerce ICITO Interim Commission of International Trade Organization ICO International Coffee Organization IDA International Development Association IDB (or IADB) Inter-American Development Bank IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IEEP International Emergency Economic Powers Act IESC International Executive Service Corps IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFC International Finance Corporation IFI International Finance Institution IIC Inter-American Investment Corporation IIPA International Intellectual Property Alliance ILO International Labor Organization IMF International Monetary Fund IMO International Maritime Organization INR initial negotiating right INRA International Natural Rubber Agreement INRO International Natural Rubber Organization INTELSAT International Telecommunications Satellite Organization IOS International Organization for Standardization IPAC Industry Policy Advisory Committee (U.S.) IPC Integrated Program for Commodities IPR intellectual property rights ISA International Sugar Agreement ISAC Industry Sector Advisory Committee (U.S.) ISO International Standards Organization ITA International Trade Administration (U.S. Commerce Department) or International Tin Agreement ITC International Trade Commission ITO International Trade Organization IWC International Whaling Commission -------------- J -------------- JCCT Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (U.S.-Mexico) JCP Japan Corporate Program JETRO Japan External Trade Organization -------------- L -------------- LAFTA Latin America Free Trade Area LASU Large Aircraft Sector Understanding LC letter of credit LDC less developed country LIBOR London Interbank Offered Rate LLDC least (or lesser) developed country LOT level of trade adjustment LTA long-term arrangement (textiles) LTFV less than fair value -------------- M -------------- MDB multilateral development bank MFA Multi-Fiber Arrangement MFN most favored nation MIGA Multinational Investment Guarantee Agency MITI Ministry of International Trade and Industry (Japan) MNC multinational corporation MOFERT Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade (PRC) MOSS Market-Oriented Sector-Specific negotiation process (U.S.-Japan) MOU memorandum of understanding MPT Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications MSA Multilateral Steel Agreement MT metric tons MTN multilateral trade negotiations MTO Multilateral Trade Organization -------------- N -------------- NADBANK North American Development Bank NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement NAM non-aligned movement NIC newly industrializing country NIE newly industrializing economies NIS New Independent States NME non-market economy NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (U.S. Commerce Department) NP Nairobi Protocol NSC National Security Council (U.S.) NTB non-tariff barrier NTDB National Trade Data Bank (U.S.) NTE new to export or National Trade Estimates Report NTIA National Telecommunications and Information Administration (U.S. Commerce Department) NTIS National Technical Information Service (U.S. Commerce Department) NTM new to market or non-tariff measure NTT Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Co. -------------- O -------------- OAS Organization of American States ODA official development assistance OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OEM original equipment manufacturers OMA orderly marketing agreement OMC Office of Munitions Control OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries OPIC Overseas Private Investment Corporation (U.S.) OTA Office of Technology Assessment (U.S. Congress) -------------- P -------------- PAS Paris Air Show PCG policy coordinating group PEC President's Export Council (U.S.) PL public law PL 480 public law (U.S.) -- Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act ("Food For Peace") PPA protocol of provisional application POI period of investigation POR period of review PRC People's Republic of China PSI pre-shipment inspection PUDD potential uncollected dumping duty PVOs private voluntary organizations -------------- Q -------------- QR quantitative restriction -------------- R -------------- R&D research & development RBP restrictive business practices -------------- S -------------- S&D special and differential treatment SAR Structural Adjustment Facility SB surveillance body SBA Small Business Administration (U.S.) SCM subsidies and countervailing measures SDR special drawing rights SEED Support for East European Democracy SFO Solo Fair Washington-recruited SIC standard industrial classification SII Structural Impediments Initiative (U.S.-Japan) SIMIS single internal market information systems SIMS single internal market service SITC Standard International Trade Classification SNPA substantial new program of action SPS sanitary and phytosanitary measures STC security trade control STE state trading enterprises STR special representative for trade negotiations -------------- T -------------- TAA Trade Adjustment Assistance Program (U.S.) TBT technical barriers to trade TCMD Third Country Meat Directive TD Trade Development (U.S. Commerce Department) TDP Trade and Development Program TEC common external tariff TELMEX Telefono de Mexico TNC Trade Negotiations Committee TPC Trade Policy Committee (U.S.) TPM trigger price mechanism TPRG Trade Policy Review Group (U.S.) TPRM trade policy review mechanism TPSC Trade Policy Staff Committee or Trade Policy Sub Committee (U.S.) TRIMS trade-related investment measures TRIPS trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights TSB Textile Surveillance Body TSUS Tariff Schedule of the U.S. TVA value added tax TWA trade-weighted average TWEA Trading With the Enemy Act -------------- U -------------- UN United Nations UNCITRAL United Nations Center on International Arbitration Law UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTC United Nations Center on Transnational Corporations UNDP United Nations Development Program UNEP United Nations Environment Program UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UR Uruguay Round USC U.S. code USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture USDOC U.S. Department of Commerce USEC U.S. Mission to European Communities USIS U.S. Information Service USITC U.S. International Trade Commission USOECD U.S. Mission to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development USP U.S. price USTR U.S. trade representative or Office of the U.S. Trade Representative USTTA U.S. Travel and Tourism Administration (U.S. Commerce Department) USUN U.S. Mission to the United Nations -------------- V -------------- VARs value added resellers VAT value added tax VER voluntary export restraint VL variable levy VRA voluntary restraint agreement WEPZA World Export Processing Zones Association WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization WTDR World Traders Data Report WTO World Trade Organization or World Tourism Organization -----------------------------------------------------------------