Amuzegar, Jahangir. "Adjusting to Sanctions." Foreign Affairs, Vol. 76, No. 3, May-June 1997.

Bergeijk, Peter A.G. van. Economic Diplomacy, Trade and Commercial Policy: Positive and Negative Sanctions in a New World Order. Brookfield, Vermont: Edward Elgar, 1994.

Cooper, Mary. "Economic Sanctions." CQ Researcher, Vol 4, No. 40, October. 28, 1994.

Doxey, Margaret P. International Sanctions in Contemporary Perspective (2nd edition). New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996.

Flamm, Kenneth. "Controlling the Uncontrollable: Reforming U.S. Export Controls on Computers." Brookings Review, Vol. 14, Winter 1996.

Lavin, Franklin L. "Asphyxiation or Oxygen? The Sanctions Dilemma." Foreign Policy, No. 104, Fall 1996.

Harrison, Glennon J. The Economics of Export Controls. The Library of Congress: Congressional Research Service, January 15, 1997.

Hufbauer, Gary C., Kimberly Ann Elliott, Tess Cyrus, and Elizabeth Winston. U.S. Economic Sanctions: Their Impact on Trade, Jobs, and Wages (working paper). Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 1997.

Hufbauer, Gary C., Jeffrey J. Schott, Kimberly Ann Elliott. Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: History and Current Policy. Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 1991.

Kaempfer, William H. and Anton D. Lowenberg. International Economic Sanctions: A Public Choice Perspective (The Political Economy of Global Interdependence). Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1992.

Kirschten, Dick. "Chicken Soup Diplomacy." National Journal, Vol. 29, No. 1, January 4, 1997.

Lande, Laurie. "Second Thoughts" (Iran-Libya sanctions act). The International Economy, Vol. 11, No. 3, May-June 1997.

Martin, Lisa L. Coercive Cooperation: Explaining Multilateral Economic Sanctions. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1992.

President's Export Council, Subcommittee on Export Administration. Unilateral Economic Sanctions: A Review of Existing Sanctions and Their Impacts on U.S. Economic Interests With Recommendations for Policy and Process Improvement. Washington D.C.: Department of Commerce, Bureau of Export Administration, June 1997.

Richardson, J. David. Sizing Up U.S. Export Disincentives. Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 1993. Text.