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托馬斯’傑斐遜
(THOMAS JEFFERSON)
第’任’職’說
First Inaugural Address
(American Memory Collection, Library of Congress)
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’’我們當中有’’解散’’’邦’’’’改變它’’’體’’那麽’讓’們’’’不用’’’們’’樣做’爲’’樹立’標’’’’’’個’智’夠’由’’之鬥’’’方’錯’’’見’’’’忍’’
托馬斯’傑斐遜(1743－1826)’’Ｗ’’’蘭’’’樣’個’’’藝’’’’’’’天’’’’’’’’’音樂’’’’’’Ｗ學’’’’’’’學’’’曾’
維’尼’’議’’’陸議’任職’’’陸議’任職’’’’’’’’立’言’’’’’曾任維’尼’’’’’歐’’’交’’喬’’華盛’’國務卿’
1801’’’’’’’選中’傑斐遜當選爲’統’’’國’’’第’次把’’’’由’個’黨(’邦’’’)轉移給’’個’黨(’’黨’’民’’’’黨’)’’選’’裏’傑斐遜’’’’’爾’’’選’’票數’等’’由衆議’選擇傑斐遜當’統’
傑斐遜’’職’說’第’’由’’’統’首都華盛’’’’’說’當’’’’剛’’’’’首都華盛’’’’歷’’’’選’戰之’’傑斐遜’’’’說’統’國’’’’’’’’’’’綱領’
’我們’’歷’’’’論中’’’熱’’論’’’’走’’見’’’由’不習’’’由’考’不習’’把’’’說’’’’’’’’見那種情’’’’’’失’’’’’’由’國’民’’’’’’’’據憲’’’’予’公’’’’當’’遵照’’’妥爲’排’’’爲’’’’’’’團結’’’’心’’’’’’’’’’樣’條原’’’’數’’’’’雖’’任’情’’都應採’’’那種’’’必須’’’’’’’’’而’少數’’有’等’’’’必須’平等’’’’’’’’’予’’犯’’’壓’’那麽’’’們’讓我們團結’’’’心’’’’讓我們’’’睦’’’’’友’’’’爲’有它們’’由’’’生’本身’都’成爲’聊’’’’我們還應’’’’’我們’’把那種’’類’期’’’’’’’教偏執’’我們國’’摒棄’’’’我們’支援’’’’偏執’’而’’橫’邪’’’及’’成’酷’’’’’迫’’都’’教偏執’’導’’’’’樣’那麽我們’’’’’有限’’當舊’’’歷’’’’變’’當盛’’’們’’’’’’攣’’’’’’’’殺’找’們喪失’’’’由’’那巨濤’’’撼’’’傳’遙遠而’平’’’’’’對’種’撼’’覺’’懼’’’不盡’’’對
’採’’’措’’有’見分’’’’都不足爲’’’’’’見分’’不都’原’分’’我們遵’’’原’’’’們’曾’’’’種不’’稱號’我們都’’’黨’’我們都’’邦’盟’Ⅸ’’’我們當中有’’解散’’’邦’’’’改變它’’’體’’那麽’讓’們’’’不用’’’們’’樣做’爲’’樹立’標’’’’’’個’智’夠’由’’之鬥’’’方’錯’’’見’’’’忍’’我’’’’有’誠實’’擔心’’’’不’’’有’’擔心’個’’不夠’有’’’’’’個誠實’’國’’’’試驗最成’’’候’僅’’論’’’虛幻’疑懼’’爲’個’’’予最’’’望’’’’’不足’’’’’’棄’個’’’我們’有’由’’’’’’嗎?我’’不’’’反’我’’’個’’’’’’最’’’’’我’’’’個’’之’’’論’’’’’’’’喚’’’飛’而’’應’’’’’做’’’而’’像’’’’’’’’樣’對’’犯公’’’’’爲’有’’’們說’’個’’’管’’’不’’’’那麽’讓’’’管’們’’’’嗎?’’我們’’覺’’國’身’’’’天’’管’’們’’’’?’個問’讓歷’’’答’’
’’’讓我們’著’’’’心’’續’’我們’’’’邦’盟’’’黨’原’’擁’’邦’’議’’’’我們由’’’環境’’’’’’’倖’’’’’分之’’區那種毀滅’’’’’我們’’高’’不’’忍’’’’落’我們’天賜’’’足’’’’’’’’’’’我們有’種’’’’爲’’揮’’’’’’’’’’’’’勤勞之’’’’’贏’我們’’’’’’’賴’’(’種’賴’’’不’’’’第’而’’’我們’’爲’’們’體’’)都’有’等’’’’我們都’’善’’教’啓’’雖’’’不’’’’’有教’都誨’’正’’’實’’’’’’’仁’’我們’’’’’’’’切’’’’’’’’之’證’’樂見’類’’’’福’’’’’’’福’’有’’’’’’我們還需’什麽’’’我們成爲’個’福’’’’’’民族’?’’’’’我們還需’’樣’’’那’’’個’智’’儉’’’’它防止’們’殘’讓’們’由’’’’們’’’’’’不’’’’而’不’奪’’們勤勞之’’’’’’’個’’’’’’旨’’’我們獲’圓滿’福’必需’’
’’’’’我’’’’’’職’’’由’’種職’’’’’們’’惜’’切’我覺’’們應當’解什麽’我’’爲’我們’’’基本原’’’及那’’導我’’’原’’我打算盡’簡略’’’陳’’’講’’原’’而不講’’部’疇’不管’們’’’’’教’仰’’’’’有’不’’’’都應’’平等’絕對公正’’’’’’有國’’平’’’互’’商’’’’誠摯’友誼’’不’任’國’結盟’’’’纏不’’維’’’’’’’切’’’’它們成爲’’我們內’最’’’機’’’及’’反’’趨勢’最有’’’障’維’’國’’’’’之’’分’’憲’賦予’’’’’而成爲對內’平’對’’’’最’堡’’’’分’’維’’民’選’’’’爲革’’’’弊端’’’’有’平’補救辦’’而’民選’’’’對那’弊端’’種溫’而’’’’正手’’’絕對’’’數’’’’’’’’’體’’’原’’離’’個原’’’’’’諸’’’而’’’’’’’’原’’’接’源’’維’’支’’’’’民團’’’爲’平’期’戰’’期’最’’’’’’正’’’接替’實’文’高’’’’’’’’’’’’支’減輕勞動’民’’擔’’實’還我們’債務’把維’’’’’用’’’’’’務’’’’’’’’’鼓’’商輔’’傳播’識’’公衆’智爲’據譴’’切弊端’’障’教’由及’’’由’’’’身’’’’及由公平選’’陪’團’’’’’’障’身’由’’革’’改革’’’’’’原’成’’我們’面照耀’’引我們’’’’’’我們’Ｗ’智’’我們’雄’’’’都曾’’’’實’’’原’’它們應當’我們’’’’’綱領’公民教’’課本’檢驗我們’’’’’’’’試’石’’’’’’’錯’’驚’而’棄’’’原’’我們應當趕快’’’重’走’’條’’’平’’由’’’’唯’’’’’
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During
the contest of opinion through which we have passed the animation of discussions
and of exertions has sometimes worn an aspect which might impose on strangers
unused to think freely and to speak and to write what they think; but this being
now decided by the voice of the nation, announced according to the rules of the
Constitution, all will, of course, arrange themselves under the will of the law,
and unite in common efforts for the common good. All, too, will bear in mind
this sacred principle, that though the will of the majority is in all cases to
prevail, that will to be rightful must be reasonable; that the minority
possesses their equal rights, which equal law must protect, and to violate would
be oppression. Let us, then, fellow citizens, unite -with one heart and one
mind. Let us restore to social intercourse that harmony and affection without
which liberty and even life itself are but dreary things. And let us reflect
that, having banished from our land that religious intolerance under which
mankind so long bled and suffered, we have yet gained little if we countenance a
political intolerance as despotic, as wicked, and capable of as bitter and
bloody persecutions. During the throes and convulsions of the ancient world,
during the agonizing spasms of infuriated man, seeking through blood and
slaughter his long-lost liberty, it was not wonderful that the agitation of the
billows should reach even this distant and peaceful shore; that this should be
more felt and feared by some and less by others, and should divide opinions as
to measures of safety. But every difference of opinion is not a difference of
principle. We have called by different names brethren of the same principle. We
are all Republicans, we are all Federalists. If there be any among us who would
wish to dissolve this
Union or to
change its republican form, let them stand undisturbed as monuments of the
safety with which error of opinion may be tolerated where reason is left free to
combat it. I know, indeed, that some honest men fear that a republican
government can not be strong, that this Government is not strong enough; but
would the honest patriot, in the full tide of successful experiment, abandon a
government which has so far kept us free and firm on the theoretic and visionary
fear that this Government, the world's best hope, may by possibility want energy
to preserve itself? I trust not. I believe this, on the contrary, the strongest
Government on earth. I believe it the only one where every man, at the call of
the law, would fly to the standard of the law. and would meet invasions of the
public order as his own personal concern. Sometimes it is said that man can not
be trusted with the government of himself Can he, then, be trusted with the
government of others? Or have we found angels in the forms of kings to govern
him? Let history answer this question.
Let us,
then, with courage and confidence pursue our own Federal and Republican
principles, our attachment to union and representative government. Kindly
separated by nature and a wide ocean from the exterminating havoc of one quarter
of the globe; too high-minded to endure the degradations of the others;
possessing a chosen country, with room enough for our descendants to the
thousandth and thousandth generation; entertaining a due sense of our equal
right to the use of our own faculties, to the acquisitions of our own industry,
to honor and confidence from our fellow-citizens, resulting not from birth, but
from our actions and their sense of them; enlightened by a benign religion,
professed, indeed, and practiced in various forms, yet all of them inculcating
honesty, truth, temperance, gratitude, and the love of man; acknowledging and
adoring an overruling Providence, which by all its dispensations proves that it
delights in the happiness of man here and his greater happiness hereafter--with
all these blessings, what more is necessary to make us a happy and a prosperous
people? Still one thing more, fellow-citizens--a wise and frugal Government,
which shall restrain men from injuring one another, shall leave them otherwise
free to regulate their own pursuits of industry and improvement, and shall not
take from the mouth of labor the bread it has earned. This is the sum of good
government, and this is necessary to close the circle of our felicities.
About to
enter, fellow-citizens, on the exercise of duties which comprehend everything
dear and valuable to you, it is proper you should understand what I deem the
essential principles of our Government, and consequently those which ought to
shape its Administration. I will compress them within the narrowest compass they
will bear, staling the general principle, but not all its limitations. Equal and
exact justice to all men, of whatever state or persuasion, religious or
political; peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations, entangling
alliances with none; the support of the State governments in all their rights,
as the most competent administrations for our domestic concerns and the surest
bulwarks against antirepublican tendencies; the preservation of the General
Government in its whole constitutional vigor, as the sheet anchor of our peace
at home and safety abroad; a jealous care of the right of election by the
people--a mild and safe corrective of abuses which are lopped by the sword of
revolution where peaceable remedies are unprovided; absolute acquiescence in the
decisions of the majority, the vital principle of republics, from which is no
appeal but to force, the vital principle and immediate parent of despotism; a
well-disciplined militia, our best reliance in peace and for the first moments
of war, till regulars may relieve them; the supremacy of the civil over the
military authority; economy in the public expense, that labor may be lightly
burthened; the honest payment of our debts and sacred preservation of the public
faith; encouragement of agriculture, and of commerce as its handmaid; the
diffusion of information and arraignment of all abuses at the bar of the public
reason; freedom of religion; freedom of the press, and freedom of person under
the protection of the habeas corpus, and trial by juries impartially selected.
These principles form the bright constellation which has gone before us and
guided our steps through an age of revolution and reformation. The wisdom of our
sages and blood of our heroes have been devoted to their attainment. They should
be the creed of our political faith, the text of civic instruction, the
touchstone by which to try the services of those we trust; and should we wander
from them in moments of error or of alarm, let us hasten to retrace our steps
and to regain the road which alone leads to peace, liberty, and safety..,.
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