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喬’’諾里斯 (GEORGE NORRIS) 反對參戰 Against Entry into the War 1919 ’鼓’’國’民購’戰’債’’’報
今天我們正採’’個極’’’’’’’我們正’’錢之’投’戰’’
’’’國’反對’國捲’歐’戰’’有’’’爲’參戰’’’’爲’’’’’’’’’有’’’’爲’平’’’’(’)’’’’’’據原’反對戰’’有’反戰’’’爾蘭’’國’統’’們不’讓’國幫’’國’’’國交戰’
喬’’’’’諾里斯(186l’1944)’’’’’’’’黨’’’譴’參戰’’’’’個’’’’錯’’’由’婪成’’華爾街’融’們’成’’諾里斯’生’’亥’’’’內布’斯’當’’’’’1902’’選爲國’議Ⅸ’19l
2’’’選’參議’’’’’’’’’中成爲參議’中’改革’’’異見’’諾里斯反對投’’’’戰’反對’爾賽條’’’提’擬’憲’第’’’正’’’’把’統’職日’’月提早’’月’’’’國’’落選議Ⅸ’議’’領導’’統’選’鬥’’’’國參議Ⅸ選’中’’導’用’’倡導’’’’公有化’提’成立田’’’域管’局’’’’
’’’’’講’諾里斯’l
917’4月4日’’’’’’天’’爾遜請’國’’戰’當’’’國反戰’’不’’心’’諾里斯’’內布’斯’’’次’’’選民選爲國’議Ⅸ’ 爲數衆’’’國公民覺’’’’’場戰’’我們對’類應盡’’務’’實交戰雙方’有’’殘酷’情’’迹’’’們’’’’’’情’’’’’’中’有偏見’我’爲’我們’’’’’應’’中立’假’我們’’’’’’’’’’’不’’’戰’’’爲’個國’’我們有’’’’’爲需’’’候中止中立立場’我們’據’’有’’重’國’’’戰區’’視’國’’’戰區’’我們不’’’麽做’’’中立’我’不’跟那個不’讓我國’’中立’’’’’我’’’有’’誠實’’國’公民’’’爲’解’’實情’’’爲我們應該投’’場戰’’支援’統關’對’’戰’’’’我’爲’’’’’’失當’而’由’’’團’’完’’’’’’’錯’誘導’’們’’’’’’’’’’歷’’’實’實際情’’’’場’論中我們’’盟國借’’’億’元’’種’動’國際’’允’’鼓’’’’’’我’’’我國’盟國提’’’’’款’’用’’成’種公衆情緒’它支援我國採’’個’’’’’’元債’值’百’分’’’筆債務’’’’’’還’方’’借’’’手’’及’’’’’’們不僅’’’’’中’’橫’’而’’旦我國’’’戰禍’’們’’望賺’’’錢’’’手’’’批’國著’報’’’’’身不由’’投’’’’歷’’最’’’傳攻勢’’煽’贊成戰’’情緒’’’有’’’’’國公民當’’’單用’’’’’’’交’給交戰’國’我們參戰’’’’’’’’’’’’商’證’’債’’’’’’’’潤’’樣’’我們面’當’’局面’’’’’統’催’’虛假民衆情緒’支援’’國’’’’戰’’而把我國投’’’有’’’最’’’場’殺中’’’戰’給誰’’’’’? 不’給’’’’’’’’爲’個月’六’元’’’補’扛著’’’’戰壕’’’’’’’生’’不’給’’欲絕’寡婦’’’’’’等’’夫’肉模’’’體’’’’’’不’給爲失’’敢’’’而Ｚ’’母親’’’’’不’給’’’抖’’童’’’’’不’給饑’’’’嬰’’’’’’不’給’百’’著’’’心走’’墓’母親’’’’’’’’戰’不’給’’’普’’國公民’’’’’它給’手’足’竭盡’’維’生’’’們’’’’生’’用飛漲’戰’給華爾街’’票賭’’’’’’’而’類’’擁有難’變爲’錢’’用不盡’巨’’’’’個華爾街’’’說’’’我們’’’’戰’’“’’’個高’’’’’戰備’劃’’’’’’’’未’’’實際戰’’’失’’補’’”’’’說’’’我們’’參戰’那麽讓我們盡’’接’該目標’倘’我們不’參戰’那’讓我們高喊需’’’艦艇’’’’’’’’’’’’’’切’把我們引’戰’邊’’’’’’’旦戰’’’’’類’’’扛’’’’戰壕嗎? ’們’戰’’’戰備’’目’’’賺錢’’’’民’’’難’犧’生’’必’’’’華爾街’’重’元’華爾街’’繪’’繡’’’衝’陷’’’’犧’’’們絲’不’邊’那’證’’’’當’不’’’’’’們導’參戰’目’’’’’’’’’’們必須’’華爾街’辦公’裏分’’們’’’說’戰’’’’’’’志’’’’’’’’’’’’’’見不’’類闊’’’’們藏’華爾街’’堂’’辦公’裏’坐’’木’’’面’’’’滿’剪’’’票’’’著勤懇’勞動’’’’’票’’著母親們眼’’’票’’’們’’’’’’’’’票’ 今天我們正採’’個極’’’’’’’我們正’’’錢之’投’戰’’我們’’’種風’’’犧’數百’’’’’’’’讓’’’’國’把’們’’’鑄成’錢’’’我們不’’’’’’走’戰壕’我們’’債’高’’’’未’’’’’民’衆’辛勤勞’’還債務’目’’未’’’’百’’’’’曲’’’’’’爲我們今天’採’’’’’’’價’我們正’照’錢’’’’’’’’我們’’動’’’百’’’’’’難’’結’’’’’我們數百’’’’’’場’數百’婦’’不成’’數百’’童’不’’’數百’嬰’’’’’’而’’切都’’爲我們’維’’國公民’’’輸’給交戰’國’商’’’ There are a great many American citizens who feel that we owe it as a duty to humanity to take part in this war. Many instances of cruelty and inhumanity can be found on both sides. Men are often biased in their judgment on account of their sympathy and their interests. To my mind, what we ought to have maintained from the beginning was the strictest neutrality. If we had done this I do not believe we would have been on the verge of war at the present time. We had a right as a nation, if we desired, to cease at any time to be neutral. We had a technical right to respect the English war zone and to disregard the German war zone, but we could not do that and be neutral. I have no quarrel to find with the man who does not desire our country to remain neutral. While many such people are moved by selfish motives and hopes of gain, I have no doubt but that in a great many instances, through what I believe to be a misunderstanding of the real condition, there are many honest, patriotic citizens who think we ought to engage in this war and who are behind the President in his demand that we should declare war against Germany. I think such people err in judgment and to a great extent have been misled as to the real history and the true facts by the almost unanimous demand of the great combination of wealth that has a direct financial interest in our participation in the war. We have loaned many hundreds of millions of dollars to the allies in this controversy. While such action was legal and countenanced by international law, there is no doubt in my mind but the enormous amount of money loaned to the allies in this country has been instrumental in bringing about a public sentiment in favor of our country taking a course that would make every bond worth a hundred cents on the dollar and making the payment of every debt certain and sure. Through this instrumentality and also through the instrumentality of others who have not only made millions out of the war in the manufacture of munitions, etc., and who would expect to make millions more if our country can be drawn into the catastrophe, a large number of the great newspapers and news agencies of the country have been controlled and enlisted in the greatest propaganda that the world has ever known, to manufacture sentiment in favor of war. It is now demanded that the American citizens shall be used as insurance policies to guarantee the safe delivery of munitions of war to belligerent nations. The enormous profits of munition manufacturers, stockbrokers, and bond dealers must be still further increased by our entrance into the war. This has brought us to the present moment, when Congress, urged by the President and backed by the artificial sentiment, is about to declare war and engulf our country in the greatest holocaust that the world has ever known.,.. ’ To whom does the war bring prosperity? Not to the soldier who for the munificent compensation of $16 per month shoulders his musket and goes into the trench, there to shed his blood and to die if necessary; not to the brokenhearted widow who waits for the return of the mangled body of her husband; not to the mother who weeps at the death of her brave boy; not to the little children who shiver with cold; not to the babe who suffers from hunger; nor to the millions of mothers and daughters who carry broken hearts to their graves. War brings no prosperity to the great mass of common and patriotic citizens. It increases the cost of living of those who toil and those who already must strain every effort to keep soul and body together. War brings prosperity to the stock gambler on Wall street―to those who are already in possession of more wealth than can be realized or enjoyed. [A Wall Street broker] says if we can not get war, "it is nevertheless good opinion that the preparedness program will compensate in good measure for the loss of the stimulus of actual war." That is, if we can not get war, let us go as far in that direction as possible. If we can not get war, let us cry for additional ships, additional guns, additional munitions, and everything else that will have a tendency to bring us as near as possible to the verge of war. And if war comes do such men as these shoulder the musket and go into the trenches? Their object in having war and in preparing for war is to make money. Human suffering and the sacrifice of human life are necessary, but Wall Street considers only the dollars and the cents. The men who do the fighting, the people who make the sacrifices, are the ones who will not be counted in the measure of this great prosperity he depicts. The stock brokers would not, of course, go to war, because the very object they have in bringing on the war is profit, and therefore they must remain in their Wall Street offices in order to share in that great prosperity which they say war -will bring. The volunteer officer, even the drafting officer, will not find them. They "will be concealed in their palatial offices on Wall Street, sitting behind mahogany desks, covered up with clipped coupons―coupons soiled with the sweat of honest toil, coupons stained with mothers' tears, coupons dyed in the lifeblood of their fellow men. We are taking a step today that is fraught with untold danger. We are going into war upon the command of gold. We are going to run the risk of sacrificing millions of our countrymen's lives in order that other countrymen may coin their lifeblood into money. And even if we do not cross the Atlantic and go into the trenches, we are going to pile up a debt that the toiling masses that shall come many generations after us will have to pay. Unborn millions will bend their backs in toil in order to pay for the terrible step we are now about to take. We are about to do the bidding of wealth's terrible mandate. By our act we will make millions of our countrymen suffer, and the consequences of it may well be that millions of our brethren must shed their lifeblood, millions of broken-hearted women must weep, millions of children must suffer with cold, and millions of babes must die from hunger, and all because we want to preserve the commercial right of American citizens to deliver munitions of war to belligerent nations. ’ |
