W’E’B’’’伊斯
(W. E. B. DU BOIS)
尼’’’’動之原’’’
The Niagara Movement Declaration of Principles
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’’由’種族’膚’不’而’’’視’’’野’’’’’論習’’’’’偏見’’’之’’化’我們’’不管’
W’E’B’’’伊斯’’’推動’尼’’’’動’尼’’’’動’’裔’國’著’領’’組織’’’’’1905’’天’尼’’’’布首次’’’目’’’走’條’布’’T’華盛’’’’’策’對立’’’路’’’由’等不’資’’’’’’’備’期’’職’Ⅸ’’’’立’部’’’面’’’試圖’立黑’抗議組織’’樣’’’
’l 908’’’’’’’’伊’諾斯’普’菲爾’’種族暴’’’’批白’’’’’’組織’’黑’’’而弘揚’奴’’’’精’’’’’’’瑪’’’’’歐文’’’’’’’’’’’’’什’’’’’’’’報’’’商奧斯瓦爾’’’里森’維’’’集’’次’國’議’’’’’“’’’’’由’公民’由’鬥’”’白’領’’尼’’’’動’黑’領’攜手創’’’國有’’種’’’尼’’’’動’原’成’’’’’’原’’
’’’尼’’’’動’議成Ⅸ1905’7月11日’12日’13日’布’羅’集’’’’’’國黑’’’’’’中’’’疑’’’’’’’’提高文化’購’產’’控’犯’’提高’’生’’平’’’文藝方面’’’’’及’管’’教’’濟’教’機’中’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’
選’’’’’’我們’’’國公民中’’’階’應著重不’’反對剝奪’們’’’’’’我們’’成’’應有選’’’我們’’’’有’’善’’’’’’有’’們’’’’’’’福’’部’’給’’
公民’由’我們還支援反對剝奪我們民’’鬥’’’有’國公民均應’據’’’’’’’有’’公’’樂場’’有平’’’’
謀生機’’我們對’’濟生’中’剝奪平等機’’尤’不滿’’’部’’’’種不平等’’’勞’’債’實際’’奴’’’’整個’部’它趨’擠’勞方’’’’’’’’’’’’’不公正’’’支援’’’國’’偏見’’國黑’’’獲’像樣’生’’平’’’難’
教’’應’’有’國’童實’’學’務教’’應’分’’’有’提’中等學’教’’’我們’個’民國’’任’’區’任’階’’種族均’’’’高等教’’我們’’’’’’’我們’’’民族結’’尤’’’’部’’國應資’公立’學教’’我們’’’’應對’’’’’’’傳’我們’’’’部’’公立高中教’’’’’’那裏’國黑’’’’部’有’種條件’我們贊成有’備完善’職’’技’學’’培’技藝’Ⅸ’給予’’高等’’’分而’’’’贈’而’必須’款’用’’有誠摯’善’’望’’種族謀福’’’身’’
’’’我們’’’’’’’必須正’’陪’團’遴選不應有膚’’’視’對黑’’白’’犯’’’應實’’樣’’’’’樣’改’’我們’’’’’贍’’’’’立’’’’’’學’’’少’犯’立少’教’’’’除野’殘忍’’用’犯勞’’’’’
民’’我們’正’’’’個國’’’’問’’’’’’’’類’’’情誼等問’’’聽’’分’公眾輿論’傾’’’顯’’’我們’’’’’不’讓’個國’’落成’’夥’’’’壓迫’’’’’歹之’’而應’’’輩們’’仰’’’’生’’由平等’’’有’’不’剝奪’’’’
衛生’我們’’衛生條件’’’’有機’’’像樣’’’’’區’’’有機’’身心健’’環境中’’我們’’’’
雇’’’’’我們把’們’樣對’’個對立階’’’’公之’眾’’公眾對之’’’絕’雇方’方’緊’情’’’’’’’’國黑’’’’’’’不給’們提’’’’’不讓’們’期’’’而’’’方’’’’’們’黑’’’排斥’’’’欺壓’批成’’’’勞’’友’’種做’’’’’’’還’’’勞資雙方之間’敵對’而’’雙方’’都不’’’
抗議’動’我們’不’’’們’續’’’種’’’’’國黑’甘’’’’等’’’壓迫’’讓’’’’面’’’’’’雖’’’立’援’’我們’忍’’’’’’’國還’’不平等’’百’’國’’抗議’’’不’停止撞擊’們’’’耳鼓’
膚’’’’’’由’種族’膚’不’而’’’視’’’野’’’’’論習’’’’’偏見’’’之’’化’我們’’不管’由’’’’’’’’’’’原’而’’區’對’’’’’’勢’’鬥’’’’手’’我們對’’’’議’’’’’粹由’生’’’’’’’生’’不’’膚’’異而’’’視’’’’’’智’’類’’’陳跡’’’’’’’’必’’’’而’’羞’’
“黑’’用”車輛’我們反對“黑’’用”車輛’’’’’用’而’必’’’我們’’等’’備’’等’’用’’我們’’天化日之’’’’’’’我們’’不’’讓’’心’欲’’殘我們’’’’’’’’’’’’’
’’’我們遺憾’’’’個國’’不’’應該’分’答黑’’’’’們曾’五次戰’中’’’’衛國’’國’’’’’’都不’’們’’’予’提’’我們’’’’黑’’’排除’陸’’’’’’學’’’’’不公正’’
戰’’正’’’我們’’議’’’’當’立’’’證’分實’有關’由’條款’’’’國憲’第’’’第’’’第’五’正’’
壓迫’我們’絕接’’樣’謬’原’’壓迫’’’壓迫’’切’’’’高’’’支’’’’國黑’’偷’’’’’鄙視’’重重’’’壓迫中掙扎’’們需’’情’’’’’’’’難’需’幫’’’’’’’’’撓’需’’’’’’’’’’暴’’需’正’’’’’’’’’捨’需’領導’’’’’’’應該懦’’’’’教導’需’麵’’’’’’’’石塊’襲擊’’等’’不改變’’’’不’’’’個國’’公’’’
教’’當’基督教’’’’’尤’’我們驚詫不’’’它們’’’們’’’種族偏見’’’’’’’’’減少’類’’手足情’’’’’’’’’’黑’’離’’殿之’’’’’’’’對’’’’’文’’說’’’錯’’’’基督教’’不’’’’
鼓動’’’對’’’不平之’’我們’不’豫’’’控’’不’’’’’’’’視’’略’’原諒’’’’’’’說’我們’’不’有’由’不’’’’敢’鼓動’’’’走’’由之路’’’走’’’目標’“尼’’’’動”’’’’’’種族’切’’’’’
援’’’’’對’我們’’情’’’’日’’奴’’’’’今日仍’’機’均等’’’’及那’曾’錢’’’’幫’’而’’今仍’幫’我們’’’’’我們謹’’’心’’謝’
’任’我們’’’我們應當’’而’’’續’’獲’’面’’’’’’’’’’’’不’’我們竟敢忘’落’’民’’’’應’’務’
投票’’務’
’重’’’’’’務’
’’’’務’
遵’’’’’務’
講’衛生’’務’
’’’’學’’務’
’重’’’’’’’’’重’’務’
我們’’’言’控’’’’’交’國’民’’交’’’’’!
①’註’’’言’’’’’伊斯博’’’’
Progress: The members of the conference, known
as the Niagara Movement, assembled in annual meeting at Buffalo, July 11th, 12th
and 13th, 1905, congratulate the Negro-Americans on certain undoubted evidences
of progress in the last decade, particularly the increase of intelligence, the
buying of property, the checking of crime, the uplift in home life, the advance
in literature and art, and the demonstration of constructive and executive
ability in the conduct of great religious, economic and educational
institutions.
Suffrage:
At the same time, we believe that this class of American citizens should protest
emphatically and continually against the curtailment of their political rights.
We believe in man-hood suffrage; we believe that no man is so good, intelligent
or wealthy as to be entrusted wholly with the welfare of his neighbor.
Civil Liberty:
We believe also in protest against the curtailment of our civil rights. All
.American citizens have the right to equal treatment in places of public
entertainment according to their behavior and deserts.
Economic
Opportunity: We especially complain against the denial of equal
opportunities to us in economic life; in the rural districts of the South this
amounts to peonage and virtual slavery: all over the South it tends to crush
labor and small business enterprises; and everywhere American prejudice, helped
often by iniquitous laws, is making it more difficult for Negro-Americans to
earn a decent living.
Education:
Common school education should be free to all American children and compulsory.
High school training should be adequately provided for all, and college training
should be the monopoly of no class or race in any section of our common country.
We believe that, in defense of our own institutions, the United States should
aid common school education, particularly in the South, and we especially
recommend concerted agitation to this end. We urge an increase in public high
school facilities in the South, where the Negro-Americans are almost wholly
without such provisions. We favor well-equipped trade and technical schools for
the training of artisans, and the need of adequate and liberal endowment for a
few institutions of higher education must be patent to sincere well-wishers of
the race.
Courts: We
demand upright judges in courts, juries selected without discrimination on
account of color and the same measure of punishment and the same efforts at
reformation for black as for white offenders. We need orphanages and farm
schools for dependent children, juvenile reformatories for delinquents, and the
abolition of the dehumanizing convict-lease system.
Public
Opinion: We note with alarm the evident retrogression in this land of sound
public opinion on the subject of manhood rights, republican government and human
brotherhood, and we pray God that this nation will not degenerate into a mob of
boasters and oppressors, but rather will return to the faith of the fathers,
that all men were created free and equal, with certain unalienable rights.
Health: We
plead for health―for
an opportunity to live in decent houses and localities, for a chance to rear our
children in physical and moral cleanliness.
Employers and
Labor Unions: We hold up for public execration the conduct of two opposite
classes of men: The practice among employers of importing ignorant
Negro-American laborers in emergencies, and then affording them neither
protection nor permanent employment; and the practice of labor unions in
proscribing and boycotting and oppressing thousands of their fellow-toilers,
simply because they are black. These methods have accentuated and will
accentuate the war of labor and capital, and they are disgraceful to both sides.
Protest:
We refuse to allow the impression to remain that the Negro-American assents to
inferiority, is submissive under oppression and apologetic before insults.
Through helplessness we may submit, but the voice of protest of ten million
Americans must never cease to assail the ears of their fellows, so long as
America is unjust.
Color-Line:
Any discrimination based simply on race or color is barbarous, we care not how
hallowed it be by custom, expediency or prejudice. Differences made on account
of ignorance, immorality, or disease are legitimate methods of fighting evil,
and against them we have no word of protest; but discriminations based simply
and solely on physical peculiarities, place of birth, color of skin, are relics
of that unreasoning human savagery of which the world is and ought to be
thoroughly ashamed.
"Jim Crow"
Cars: We protest against the "Jim Crow" car, since its effect is and must be
to make us pay first-class fare for third-class accommodations, render us open
to insults and discomfort and to crucify wantonly our manhood, womanhood and
self-respect.
Soldiers:
We regret that this nation has never seen fit adequately to reward the black
soldiers who, in its five wars, have defended their country with their blood,
and yet have been systematically denied the promotions which their abilities
deserve. And we regard as unjust, the exclusion of black boys from the military
and naval training schools.
War
Amendments: We urge upon Congress the enactment of appropriate legislation
for securing the proper enforcement of those articles of freedom, the
thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amendments of the Constitution of the
United States.
Oppression:
We repudiate the monstrous doctrine that the oppressor should be the sole
authority as to the rights of the oppressed. The Negro race in America stolen,
ravished and degraded, struggling up through difficulties and oppression, needs
sympathy and receives criticism; needs help and is given hindrance, needs
protection and is given mob-violence, needs justice and is given charity, needs
leadership and is given cowardice and apology, needs bread and is given a stone.
This nation will never stand justified before God until these things are
changed.
The Church:
Especially are we surprised and astonished at the recent attitude of the church
of Christ―of an
increase of a desire to bow to racial prejudice, to narrow the bounds of human
brotherhood, and to segregate black men to some outer sanctuary. This is wrong,
unchristian and disgraceful to the twentieth century civilization.
Agitation:
Of the above grievances we do not hesitate to complain, and to complain loudly
and insistently. To ignore, overlook, or apologize for these wrongs is to prove
ourselves unworthy of freedom. Persistent manly agitation is the way to liberty,
and toward this goal the Niagara Movement has started and asks the cooperation
of all men of all races.
Help: At
the same time we want to acknowledge with deep thankfulness the help of our
fellowmen from the Abolitionist down to those who today still stand for equal
opportunity and who have given and still give of their wealth and of their
poverty for our advancement.
Duties: And
while we are demanding and ought to demand, and will continue to demand the
rights enumerated above, God forbid that we should ever forget to urge
corresponding duties upon our people:
The duty to vote.
The duty to respect the rights of others.
The duty to work.
The duty to obey the laws.
The duty to be clean and orderly.
The duty to send our children to school.
The duty to respect ourselves, even as we respect others.
This statement, complaint and prayer we submit to the American people, and
Almighty God.
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