托馬斯’傑斐遜
(THOMAS JEFFERSON)’立’言
The Declaration of Independence
(American Memory Collection, Library of Congress)
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我們’爲’’’’’不言而喻’’’’生而平等’’’’賦予’們’’不’讓’’’’’’中’’生’’’’由’’’’’福’’’’
托馬斯’傑斐遜(1743－1826)’爲’個’’’翰’’當斯’’Ｗ’’’蘭’’’內’’’’Ⅸ’’成Ⅸ’’’’’國’’立’言’’第’’’’陸議’對傑斐遜’’’’’重’改動’’’’’喬’’’’’’羅’’’’’們’堅’’’’’’’對’’喬’’’允’’殖民’’’奴隸’’奴隸’賣’有’譴’’(’’’’內’中’部分’’樣’’’“’’’’本身’動’殘酷’戰’’’犯’’個’未’犯’’’遠方民族’最’’’生’’’’由’’’誘’’們’’把’們’’’’’’’當奴隸’’’’們’’’’’’中’”)
1776’7月4日’’陸’議’’’’’’言’
托馬斯’傑斐遜生’維’尼’’個’裕’’’’’曾’讀’’’瑪’學’’’’1767’’維’尼’獲’’’資’’1769’’’當選爲維’尼’’’議Ⅸ’’’極參’’立’動’而’’’維’尼’’’’陸議’’’’次當選爲維’尼’’’’還擔任’’國’’’’’1800’’’選’統’’’’’’’爾’’選’’票數’等’’由衆議’選擇傑斐遜當’統’
傑斐遜曾’’’’’立’言’’“’請’’’裁’”’ ’1776’’’’’
’立’言’中’體’’原’’’’’’’’爲’傳’’’國’改革’們’不論’’’什麽動機’不論’爲’’除奴隸’’’止種族’離’’’提高婦’’’’’都’’公衆提’“’’生而平等”’不論’什麽’方’當’民’不民’’統’’鬥’’’’們’’用傑斐遜’話’’’’’’’’“正當’’’’’’’’’’授予’”’
’ 立 ’ 言
1776’7月4日’’’堅’衆國’’’議’’’’’’’言’
’’類’務’’’’’中’當’個民族必須解除’’’個民族’’繫’’’照’’’’’’’’旨’’’’立平等’身’立’’’’國之’’’’’對’類輿論’’重’必須把’’’們’立’原’予’’’’
我們’爲’’’’’不言而喻’’’’生而平等’’’’賦予’們’’不’讓’’’’’’中’’生’’’’由’’’’’福’’’’爲’’障’’’’’’類’’’們中間’立’’’而’’’正當’’’’’’’’’’’’授予’’任’’式’’’’旦對’’目標’實’’’’’用’’’民’有’予’’換’’除’’’立’個’’’’’’’’’’據’原’’組織’’’’方式’務’’民’爲唯有’樣’最有’’’’們獲’’’’’福’’’’’’’’說’成立’’’’’’不應當由’’關緊’’’’’’原’而予’’換’’’’’’切’驗都說’’任’’難’’’’’忍’’’類還’情’忍’’’不’爲申’而’除’們’’習’’’’’’式’’而’當’終’’’’目標’’’’濫用職’’’’豪奪’’爲’’’’’圖把’民’’’’暴’之’’’’民’有’’’有’務’’推翻’樣’’’’’爲’未’’’’提’’’’障’’’’’’殖民’’’忍’’難’’’’’’’們’’不’不改變’’’’’原’’當今’不’’國’’歷’’’’屢屢傷’’掠奪’’殖民’’歷’’’’接目標’’’’’’之’’立’個’裁暴’’爲’證’’’’’屬實’’’’實公諸’’’讓公正’’’’’評’’
’’絕批准對公衆’’最有’’最必需’’’’
’’止’’殖民’督批准’不’’’極端重’’’’’’不’’’擱’’’’’’’’’’’’’’而’’’’’擱’’’’’’完’’之不’’
’’絕批准’’’’區’民’’’’’’除’’’’區’’民情’’棄’’’立’機’中’’’’’而’’’對’民’’比’’’’’有暴’’’懼它’
’把’’’立’’Ⅸ’’集’’個異’’’’極不舒’而’遠離它們’檔’’’’方’’’’’目’’’’’’們’憊不堪’’迫’’’
’’’解散’’’衆議’’’爲’’堅’反對’’犯’民’’’’
’’解散衆議’之’’’’期’絕’選’’’’’’項不’剝奪’立’’’’由普’’民’’’’’’’’期間’’仍’’’敵’’’內部騷亂’種種’’之中’
’’圖’止’’’’’’’爲’目’’’’撓’國’’’’’’’’’絕批准’’鼓’移民’’’’’提高分’’’’’條件’
’’絕批准’立’’’’’’’’’’撓’’’執’’
’迫’’’爲’’’任期’’’’數’’支’而’’’個’’志’支’之’’
’濫’’’’’’’’批’Ⅸ’’裏騷’我們’’民’’噬’們’’’’
’’’平’期’未’我們立’機’’’’’’我們中間維’’’備’’
’’’’’’’’隊’立’文’’’之’’’淩’’文’’’之’’
’’’’勾結’把我們’’’種’不符’我們’’’’未’我們’’’’’管轄之’’而’還批准’們’’’’種僞’’’’’任’’我們中間’紮’批’裝部隊’不論’’’對我們’’’民犯’’等’重’謀殺’’’’用假’’’’’’們’讓’們’’’’’’’’切’我們’’’’’’’’’未’我們’’’’我們’’’’’’’’’件中剝奪我們’有陪’’’’’’’莫須有’’’把我們’’’’’’’’’’個’’’除’’國’’’’由’’’’那裏’立’’’’’’’’疆’’’’立’成爲’個樣’’’’’’’’’’’’裏’殖民’推’’樣’’’統’’’’’我們’’’’’’’’除我們最’’’’’’’’本’改變我們’’’’’’式’’中止我們立’機’’’’’’’稱’們’’擁有’任’情’’爲我們’’’’’’’’
’們’棄’’’裏’’’’’’我們’不屬’們’’之’’’’我們’動戰’’
’’我們’’域’’掠奪’蹂’我們’’’’區’’毀我們’’鎮’殘’我們’民’生’’
’’’正’’’’批’國雇傭’’’’’’’’’’’’’’暴’’勾當’’殘忍’’’’’’’’’最野’’’’’難’’比’’’完’不’當’個文’國’’元首’
’’迫我們’公’’’們’虜’’’’’’器反對’’’國’’’’們成爲殘殺’’親友’’’手’’’’們’’’’親友’手’’
’’我們中間煽動內亂’’竭’’Ｏ殘酷’情’’’’’’’對’我們邊疆’’民’而衆’’’’’’’’’戰’
準’’不分’’老幼’’’曲’’’殺勿論’
’’’’’壓迫’’’階’’我們都曾’最謙’’言辭’請予’’正’而我們’次’’次’請’’’’’’報’’次’’次’傷’’
’個’’’’’’’’’’’個’有暴’’’’’’’爲’暴’’’’不’’’’由’’民’
我們’不’’有’’我們’國’’’’’們’立’機關’把’’’管轄’’’’我們’裏’’我們’’把’個’圖’’’們’我們’曾把我們移民’’裏’’’裏’’’情’’’’們’我們曾懇’’們天生’正’’’雅’’’’’種’’’’’’棄絕’’掠奪’爲’’爲’’掠奪’爲難’’’我們之間’關’’’’中’’’’們對’種正’’’’’’’’’樣’耳不’’’’’我們不’不’’脫離’們’’對’’’’’’民族’’’對’’們’’我交戰’’’’敵’’’我’’’’’爲’友’
’’’我們’’’’陸’議’集’’’’堅’衆國’’’們’’’殖民’善’’民’’’’’’’們授’’’’’最高裁’’申’’說’我們’’正’’’’’’重’’’我們’’’’’’’殖民’’’’’而’’公’’應該’’’立’由’國’’
我們’’對’國’’’’’’部’務’我們’’不’’’國之間’’切’’’繫’’’部’絕’而’必須’絕’’爲’個’立’由’國’’我們完’有’’戰’’’’結盟’’商’採’’立國’有’採’’’切’動’我們堅’’’賴’’’’’’’’’’’我們’生’’’産’’’’’’’’’’’支援’’’言’
Declaration of Independence
IN CONGRESS,
JULY 4, 1776
The unanimous
Declaration of the thirteen United States of America
When in the
Course of human events, it be comes necessary for one people to dissolve the
political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the
Powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature
and of Nature's God entitle them. a decent respect to the opinions of mankind
requires that they should declare the cause which impel them to the
separation.--We bold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created
equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights,
that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness--That to secure
these rights. Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers
from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes
destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish
it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles
and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to
effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that
Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient
causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more
disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by
abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of
abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to
reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to
throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future
security.--Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is
now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of
Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of
repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment
of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted
to a candid world.--He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and
necessary for the public good.--He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of
immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his
Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to
attend to them,--He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of
large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of
Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to
tyrants only.--He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual,
uncomfortable, and distant from the depository" of their public Records, for the
sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.--He has
dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his
invasions on the rights of the people.--He has refused for a long time, after
such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative
powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for
their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers
of invasion from without, and convulsions within,--He has endeavoured to prevent
the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for
Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their
migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of
Lands.--He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent
to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.--He has made Judges dependent on his
Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their
salaries.--He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of
Officers to harrass our people, and eat out their substance.--He has kept among
us, in times of peace. Standing Armies without the Consent of our
legislatures.--He has affected to render the Military independent of and
superior to the Civil power.--He has combined with others to subject us to a
jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving
his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation: --For quartering large bodies
of armed troops among us:--For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment
for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these
States:--For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:--For imposing
Taxes on us without our Consent:--For depriving us in many cases, of the
benefits of Trial by Jury:--For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for
pretended offences:--For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a
neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and
enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit
instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies:--For
taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering
fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:--For suspending our own
Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us
in all cases whatsoever.--He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out
of his Protection and waging War against us.--He has plundered our seas, ravaged
our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the Lives of our people.--He is at
this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works
of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty &
perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the
Head of a civilized nation.--He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken
Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the
executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall them selves by their
Hands.--He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to
bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose
known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and
conditions. In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress
in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by
repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may
define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have We been
wanting in attentions to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to
time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction
over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and
settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and
we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these
usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and
correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of
consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces
our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War,
in Peace Friends.--
We,
therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in
General Congress, assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the
rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good
People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare. That these United
Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States: that they
are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political
connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be
totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power
to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do
all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do.--And for the
support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine
Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our
sacred Honor.
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