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(DANIEL WEBSTER)
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Against Nullification
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Against Nullification
¡¦¡¦If anything
be found in the national constitution, either by original provision or
subsequent interpretation, which ought not to be in it, the people know how to
get rid of it. If any construction be established unacceptable to them, so as to
become practically a part of the constitution, they will amend it, at their own
sovereign pleasure. But while the people choose to maintain it as it is, while
they are satisfied with it, and refuse to change it, who has given, or who can
give, to the state legislatures a right to alter it, either by interference,
construction, or otherwise? Gentlemen do not seem to recollect that the people
have any power to do anything for themselves. They imagine there is no safety
for them, any longer than they are under the close guardianship of the state
legislatures. Sir, the people have not trusted their safety, in regard to the
general constitution, to these hands. They have required other security,
and taken other bonds. They have chosen to trust themselves, first, to the plain
words of the instrument, and to such construction as the government itself, in
doubtful cases, should put on its own powers, and under their oaths of
office, and subject to their responsibility to them; just as the people of a
state trust their own state government with a similar power. Secondly, they have
reposed their trust in the efficacy of frequent elections, and in their own
power to remove their own servants and agents whenever they see cause. Thirdly,
they have reposed trust in the judicial power, which, in order that it might be
trustworthy, they have made as respectable, as disinterested, and as
independent as was practicable. Fourthly, they have seen fit to rely, in case of
necessity, or high expediency, on their known and admitted power to alter or
amend the constitution, peaceably and quietly, whenever experience shall point
out defects or imperfections. And, finally, the people of the United States have
at no time, in no way, directly or indirectly, authorized any state legislature
to construe or interpret their high instrument of government; much less, to
interfere, by their own power, to arrest its course and operation.
If, sir,
the people in these respects had done otherwise than they have done, their
constitution could neither have been preserved, nor would it have been worth
preserving. And if its plain provisions shall now be disregarded, and these new
doctrines interpolated in it, it will become as feeble and helpless a being as
its enemies, whether early or more recent, could possibly desire. It will exist
in every state but as a poor dependent on state permission. It must borrow leave
to be; and will be, no longer than state pleasure, or state discretion, sees fit
to grant the indulgence, and prolong its poor existence.
But, sir,
although there are fears, there are hopes also. The people have preserved
this, their own chosen constitution, for forty years, and have seen their
happiness, prosperity, and renown grow with its growth, and strengthen with its
strength. They are now, generally, strongly attached to it. Overthrown by
direct assault, it cannot be; evaded, undermined, NULLIFIED, it will not be, if
we, and those who shall succeed us here, as agents and representatives of the
people, shall conscientiously and vigilantly discharge the two great branches of
our public trust, faithfully to preserve, and wisely to administer it. . . .
I have
not allowed myself, sir, to look beyond the Union, to see what might lie hidden
in the dark recess behind. I have not coolly weighed the chances of preserving
liberty when the bonds that unite us together shall be broken asunder. I have
not accustomed myself to hang over the precipice of disunion, to see
whether, with my short sight, I can fathom the depth of the abyss below; nor
could I regard him as a safe counselor in the affairs of this government, whose
thoughts should be mainly bent on considering, not how the Union should be best
preserved, but how tolerable might be the condition of the people when it shall
be broken up and destroyed. While the Union lasts, we have high, exciting,
gratifying prospects spread out before us, for us and our children. Beyond that
I seek not to penetrate the vail. God grant that in my day, at least, that
curtain may not rise! God grant that on my vision never may be opened what lies
behind! When my eyes shall be turned to behold for the last time the sun in
heaven, may I not see him shining on the broken and dishonored fragments of a
once glorious Union; on states dissevered, discordant, belligerent; on a land
rent with civil feuds, or drenched, it may be, in fraternal blood! Let
their last feeble and lingering glance rather behold the gorgeous ensign of the
republic, now known and honored throughout the earth, still full high advanced,
its arms and trophies streaming in their original luster, not a stripe erased
or polluted, nor a single star obscured, bearing for its motto, no such
miserable interrogatory as "What is all this worth?" nor those other words of
delusion and folly, "Liberty first and Union afterwards;" but everywhere, spread
all over in characters of living light, blazing on all its ample folds, as they
float over the sea and over the land, and in every wind under the whole heavens,
that other sentiment, dear to every true American heart--Liberty and Union, now
and forever, one and inseparable!
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