¥±¡¦¡¦µ·¡¦¿à¡¦
(FRANCES WRIGHT)
¡¦°ê¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦
The Meaning of Patriotism in America
Åý§ÚÌ¡¦¡¦¦¨¡¦¡¦¦Ó¤£¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ãþ¡¦¦Ó¤£¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦±¡¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¦Ó¤£¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦®¹è¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ó¤é¡¦¡¦
¡¦¡¦°ê²¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦ùØ¡¦¡¦7¤ë4¤é¡¦¡¦¡¦»¡²ß¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦ºØ¡¦¡¦¡¦¦Ó¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦½Ð¡¦°ª±æ«¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦°Ï¡¦¡¦¨£¡¦1828¡¦7¤ë4¤é¡¦¥±¡¦¡¦µ·
(¡¦¡¦)¡¦¿à¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦²Ä¡¦¦¸¥Ñ¡¦¡¦°ü¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¥ß¤é¡¦»¡¡¦¿à¡¦(1795¡Ð1852)¡¦¡¦¡¦§¶§¶¤£Â¡¦¡¦¡¦§ï²¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦±Ð¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¹º¥Í¡¦¡¦¥£Áõ¡¦¡¦°ü¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦°Ý¡¦¡¦³£¡¦¦³¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¥Í¡¦Ä¬¡¦Äõ¡¦1818¡¦²Ä¡¦¦¸¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦°Ý¡¦ÁÙ¡¦¡¦¡¦¥»¦³Ãö¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦1824¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦°Ñ¡¦¡¦°ê²¡¦¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦¶¯¡¦´´¡¦¡¦À¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦¡¦
1825¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¥Ð¡¦¡¦¡¦ÁÊ¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¥£Áõ¡¦µ¹¡¦Ì¡¦¥Ñ¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¥£Áõ³Ð¡¦¡¦¡¦Ó¤½¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¤½¡¦¥¢±Ñ¤§¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦²ö¥§¡¦¡¦¡¦Ã¹¡¦¡¦¡¦À¹º¸¡¦¼Ú¤å¡¦¹êÅ硦¡¦¡¦¡¦¤½¡¦¡¦1829¡¦¡¦¿à¡¦¡¦¼Ú¤å¡¦¡¦¡¦¥«¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¨ºùØ¡¦¡¦¡¦¥ß¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¥Ñ°Ý¸ß³ø¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¦¨¡¦µÛ¡¦¡¦¡¦»¡¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¦¡¦·í§ÚÌ¥¿¡¦¡¦§â1776¡¦7¤ë4¤é¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ãþ¾ú¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦§ÚÌ¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦ÀË¡¦¡¦¡¦§ÚÌ¡¦Ãþ¡¦¤½¥¿¡¦¡¦ÃÑ¡¦¤½¥¿¡¦¹ê½î¤è±¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¨º¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦»¡¡¦¡¦¡¦¦³¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¼Ë¡¦¡¦¡¦Ó7¤ë4¤é¡¦¡¦¦¨¡¦¡¦¶¡¡¦¡¦¡¦¼é¼Ð¡¦¡¦¾Ú¡¦Ó¼é¼Ð¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ãþ´¼¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¾Ú¥¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¦¸±µ¡¦¡¦¥Í¡¦¿ù¡¦¡¦¡¦¸¨¡¦¡¦¡¦Ó«¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¤Î¤½¡¦¾÷¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦±Æ¡¦¤×¡¦¡¦§ÚÌ¡¦¡¦¡¦±¡¡¦ºë¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦§ïµ½¡¦¡¦
¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¼Ú¡¦¡¦³°¡¦¹³¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦ºØµü¡¦¡¦¡¦¥Î¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¤ñ¡¦¡¦ùØ¡¦¡¦¡¦½á¤©¡¦¡¦µü¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¤ñ¡¦¡¦¤£¡¦¡¦¡¦½á¤©¥¦Ì¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ã¾¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦°«¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¾ãÓ¼Ú¡¦¡¦³°³£¡¦¡¦¥Î¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦¡¦Óµü¡¦¡¦¡¦¹ï¤½¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¼ö¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¹ï¡¦¼Æ¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¿³½ì³Ó¡¦¹ï¤Ö¼Æ¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¿³½ì¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ãþ¡¦¡¦¡¦±Ð¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¥£¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¸Ñ¡¦¡¦´÷±æ¡¦¡¦¤§¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦¡¦Óµü¡¦¡¦»¡¡¦¥Î¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Åé°ê¡¦¡¦¡¦¥Á¡¦¡¦¿³½ì¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ë¤£¡¦»¡¡¦¥Î¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ãþ¡¦¡¦¿³½ì¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¼Ë¡¦¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦Óµü¡¦¥Î¡¦¡¦¥Ü¼ö¡¦¡¦Ãþ¡¦¥Ñ¡¦¡¦Ãþ§ïµ½¡¦¡¦¡¦¦Ó¤£¡¦¡¦¥Ü¡¦Ó¶È¼ö¡¦¡¦¥Í¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦ÄÝ¡¦¨ºÓ±Ú¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¥Î¡¦¡¦Ó¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦ºØ¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ó¡¦¡¦°ª¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¸Ñ¡¦¡¦Ó¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦ùØ¡¦Ó¦³¥Î¡¦¦¨¢Á¡¦¡¦¡¦°÷¡¦Á¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¦³¡¦¡¦¡¦¸ô¡¦§ïµ½¡¦¡¦±µÄ²¡¦¡¦¡¦¦³¡¦¡¦¤ß±¡¡¦¡¦Ó¡¦°ê¡¦À³¸Ó¡¦¡¦Ãþ¡¦¡¦¡¦ùØ¡¦¡¦Ó¦³¥Î¡¦¦¨¢Á¡¦¡¦¡¦°÷¡¦¥ß°ò¥»¡¦ì¡¦¡¦¦Ó¡¦¡¦§â¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦¡¦¿Ä¡¦¡¦¡¦Ãþ¡¦¡¦¡¦¤§¤¤¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¹³¡¦µê¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¦Ó¡¦¥Ñ¡¦¥¦Ì¡¦¥®¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¦³¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦§ÚÌ¡¦¡¦°²¡¦¥¦Ì¡¦¦³¥Î¡¦¡¦¡¦Ì¡¦¤£¡¦¡¦¡¦ºØ¡¦¥Ñ¡¦¥¦Ì³æ³æ±Â¤©¡¦¼Ë¡¦¡¦Ó¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¦¡¦§Ú̡̳¦¦Ò¡¦¡¦¡¦ºØ¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦¦³¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦ùØÀò¡¦¡¦¨º»ò·í¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ó°ê¡¦ùØ¡¦¡¦¡¦Ó¡¦°ê¤§¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦ùØ¡¦¡¦¡¦Ó°ê¡¦¤½¥Á¡¦¡¦ºÞùØ¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¦³¥Á±Ú¡¦¡¦³£¡¦¡¦Ì¡¦¡¦ºÞùØ¡¦µÛ¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¦Ó¨¥¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦¡¦Óµü¡¦¡¦¤£¡¦¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¥¦¡¦¡¦¡¦³£¦³¡¦¡¦¨º»ò¡¦¡¦ùØ¡¦¡¦¡¦¦³¡¦¡¦¡¦¢â¡¦¡¦¤§¡¦¡¦¤Ï¹ï¥¦¡¦¡¦¡¦ºØ¡¦¡¦¡¦ì¡¦¹ï¥¦¡¦¤£¡¦¡¦¡¦§ÚÌ¥¿¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ó¤é¡¦¡¦¤Ï¹ï¥¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦À³¥¥¡¦¡¦¡¦ºØ¡¦°ª¡¦¡¦±¡¾Þ¡¦¡¦ºØ¡¦¡¦Ì¡¦¡¦·½¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¦³¡¦¡¦¡¦Ì¥¼¡¦§ïµ½¡¦±¡¾Þ¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦À³·í¡¦¡¦¡¦Ì¡¦¤°»ò¼ö¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦À³·í¡¦¡¦¡¦Ì¼ö¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦¤£¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ì¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦¦Ó¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ãþ¡¦¥Ñ¡¦¡¦»Ù¡¦¡¦¡¦Ãþ§ïµ½¡¦¡¦´º¡¦¡¦¤×¡¦¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦À³·íÀË¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ì¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦À³·í¡¦¡¦¡¦Ì¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¦Ó¡¦»¨¡¦¡¦¡¦¥¦Ì¡¦¡¦¤½¥¿¡¦ì¡¦¡¦°ò¦¡¦¡¦¤×¡¦¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦À³·íÀË¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ì¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ì¦³§ïµ½¥¦Ì¡¦¤â¡¦¡¦À³·íÀË¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ì¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ì¡¦¡¦¡¦§ïÅÜ¥¦Ì¡¦¡¦ÌÀ³·í¡¦¡¦°øµØ¡¦¡¦Ì¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¶Ô¾Ä¡¦¡¦ÌÀ³·í¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ä£¡¦¡¦Ì¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦ÃÑ¡¦¡¦ÌÀ³·í¡¦¡¦³¥¤ß¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ì¡¦ì¡¦À³·í¡¦¥µ¥¡¦¡¦Ì¤£À³·í¥ð¡¦¡¦¤£À³·íº¡¨¬¡¦¨¥¡¦¡¦¡¦ÌÀ³·í¡¦¡¦¹ê¡¦¡¦¡¦ÌÀ³·í¡¦¡¦¥µ¥¡¦¡¦¤£¡¦¶È¶È¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¥µ¥¡¦¤£ºÞ¥¦¦³¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¦Ó¡¦¡¦±Ð¡¦¡¦¥µ¥¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¥µ¥¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¥Ñ¡¦¡¦¤£¡¦¶È¡¦¿ï¡¦¡¦§ë²¼¡¦¦Ó¡¦¡¦¥Ñ¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¥Î´¼¡¦¡¦¡¦¨ººØ¡¦¡¦¡¦±À¡¦¡¦¡¦¨£¡¦¡¦²×¡¦¡¦¡¦¹ê½î¤¤¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Âí¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦ÌÀ³·í¡¦ì¡¦¡¦¡¦¦Ó¤£¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¥ó¦Ó¤£¡¦¡¦¡¦¤é¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ì°ª¿³¡¦¡¦Ô¡¦À³·í¡¦¡¦¡¦¤°»ò°ª¿³¡¦À³·í¶È¶È¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ãþ¡¦¡¦¡¦¥¡¦¡¦ºÖ¡¦¡¦¦Ó°ª¿³¡¦§Ṳ́µ¤Ñ¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¥ó¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦·í¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¦Ó¡¦¡¦¡¦Ãþ§ïµ½¡¦¡¦¡¦¤¤¡¦¡¦¡¦¤ñ§ÚÌ¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦§ÚÌ¡¦Ãþ¡¦¡¦Àò¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Àò¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Åý§ÚÌ¡¦¡¦¹ª¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Åý§ÚÌ¡¦¡¦¦¨¡¦¡¦¦Ó¤£¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ãþ¡¦¦Ó¤£¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦°ê¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦±¡¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¦Ó¤£¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦®¹è¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ó¤é¡¦¡¦¨º»ò¡¦§ÚÌ¡¦¡¦À³·í¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¥Ø¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦±¡¦Ó°ª¿³¡¦§ÚÌ¡¦¡¦À³·í§ïµ½´¿¡¦¡¦¤µ¤Ñ¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦³Ó¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦Ãþ³£¡¦¡¦§ÚÌ¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦¥ß¡¦¤î¡¦
The Meaning of Patriotism in America
. . . .
Dating, as we justly may. a new era in the history of man from the Fourth of
July, 1776, it would be well--that is, it would be useful--if on each
anniversary we examined the progress made by our species in just knowledge and
just practice. Each Fourth of July would then stand as a tidemark in the flood
of time by which to ascertain the advance of the human intellect, by which to
note the rise and fall of each successive error, the discovery of each important
truth, the gradual melioration in our public institutions, social arrangements,
and, above all, in our moral feelings and mental views. . . .
In
continental Europe, of late years, the words patriotism and patriot have been
used in a more enlarged sense than it is usual here to attribute to them, or
than is attached to them in Great Britain. Since the political struggles
of France, Italy, Spain, and Greece, the word patriotism has been employed,
throughout continental Europe, to express a love of the public good; a
preference for the interests of the many to those of the few, a desire for the
emancipation of the human race from the thrall of despotism, religious and
civil: in short, patriotism there is used rather to express the interest felt in
the human race in general than that felt for any country, or inhabitants of a
country, in particular. And patriot, in like manner, is employed to signify
a lover of human liberty and human improvement rather than a mere lover of the
country in which he lives, or the tribe to which he belongs. Used in this sense,
patriotism is a virtue, and a patriot a virtuous man. With such
an interpretation, a patriot is a useful member of society, capable of enlarging
all minds and bettering all hearts with which he comes in contact; a useful
member of the human family, capable of establishing fundamental principles and
of merging his own interests, those of his associates, and those of his nation
in the interests of the human race. Laurels and statues are vain things, and
mischievous as they are childish; but could we imagine them of use, on such a
patriot alone could they be with any reason bestowed....
If such a
patriotism as we have last considered should seem likely to obtain in any
country, it should be certainly in this. In this which is truly the home of all
nations and in the veins of whose citizens flows the blood of every people on
the globe. Patriotism, in the exclusive meaning, is surely not made for America.
Mischievous everywhere, it were here both mischievous and absurd. The very
origin of the people is opposed to it. The institutions, in their principle,
militate against it. The day we are celebrating protests against it. It is for
Americans, more especially, to nourish a nobler sentiment; one more consistent
with their origin, and more conducive to their future improvement. It is for
them more especially to know why they love their country; and to feel that they
love it, not because it is their country, but because it is the palladium of
human liberty--the favored scene of human improvement. It is for them, more
especially, to examine their institutions; and to feel that they honor them
because they are bused on just principles. It is for them, more especially, to
examine their institutions, because they have the means of improving them; to
examine their laws, because at will they can alter them. It is for them to lay
aside luxury whose wealth is in industry; idle parade whose strength is in
knowledge; ambitious distinctions whose principle is equality. It is for them
not to rest, satisfied with words, who can seize upon things; and to remember
that equality means, not the mere equality of political rights, however
valuable, but equality of instruction and equality in virtue; and that liberty
means, not the mere voting at elections, but the free and fearless exercise of
the mental faculties and that self-possession which springs out of well-reasoned
opinions and consistent practice. It is for them to honor principles rather than
men--to commemorate events rather than days; when they rejoice, to know for what
they rejoice, and to rejoice only for what has brought and what brings peace and
happiness to men. The event we commemorate this day has procured much of both,
and shall procure in the onward course of human improvement more than we can now
conceive of. For this--for the good obtained and yet in store for our race--let
us rejoice! But let us rejoice as men, not as children--as human beings rather
than as Americans--as reasoning beings, not as ignorants. So shall we rejoice to
good purpose and in good feeling; so shall we improve the victory once on this
day achieved, until all mankind hold with us the Jubilee of Independence.
¡¦ |