弗’’絲’賴’
(FRANCES WRIGHT)


’國’國’’’’’
The Meaning of Patriotism in America

讓我們’’成’’而不’’’’’’’’’類’而不’’’’國’’’’’情’’’’’而不’’’’陋寡’’’’’’’個日’’

’’國革’’’’’’’裏’’7月4日’’’說習’’’’’’種’’’而’’’’請’高望重’’’’’’區’’見’1828’7月4日’弗’’絲 (’’)’賴’’’’’’’’第’次由’’婦’’’’立日’說’賴’(1795－1852)’’’孜孜不倦’’’改革’’’’’教’’’’’劃生’’奴隸’’婦’’’’問’’都’有’’’’’’生’蘇’蘭’1818’第’次’’國’問’還’’’本有關’’’’’’’’1824’’’’參’’國革’’’國’雄’斐’’爵’’’’’國’’’’’’國’’’

1825’’’’田’’’購’’’’’’’’奴隸’給’們’由’’’’’’奴隸創’’’個公’’’’’公’失敗之’’’’’’’’’’’’’莫尼’’’羅’’’戴爾’歐文’實驗’’’’公’’1829’’賴’’歐文’’’市’’’’那裏’’’立’’’’’由問詢報’’’’’成’著’’’說’’’’’

’’當我們正’’把1776’7月4日’’’’類歷’’’’’’’’’’’我們’’’’’’檢’’’我們’類’公正’’識’公正’實踐方面’’’’’’’那’’’’’’’’’說’’’有’’’’樣’’’個7月4日’’成’’間’’’潮標’’據’個潮標’’’’’類智’’’’’’據它’’’’’’次接’’生’錯’’’落’’’個重’’’’’’’’及公’機’’’’’排’尤’’我們’’’情’精’’’’’’改善’’

’’’’’歐’’陸’像’國’’’’國’’種詞’’’用’’’’’’’’比’’裏’’’賦予’’詞’’’’比’’不’’’賦予它們’’’’’’’’’國’’’’’’’’’’臘’’’’’’鬥’’’’整個歐’’陸都’’用’國’’’個詞’’’對公’’’’熱’’’’對’數’’’’興趣勝’對少數’’’’興趣’’’’類’’’教’’’’’’奴’’’’解’’渴望’’之’’國’’’個詞’’說’用’’’’’國’’’’’’’體國’’’民’’興趣’’’’倒不’說’用’’’’’類’’興趣’’’’’樣’’’國’’個詞’用’’示熱’’類’由’’類改善’’’而不’’示’個僅熱’’生’’國’’’’’’屬’那個族’’’’用’’個’’’’’國’’’’’種’’’’國’’’’個’’高’’’’’’’解’’個’國’’’’’裏’個有用’成Ⅸ’’’夠’闊’’’’’’有’’’路’改善’’接觸’’’有’’心情’’個’國’應該’’類’’’裏’’個有用’成Ⅸ’’’夠’立基本’原’’而’’把’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’國’’’融’’’類’’’之中’’’’’像’虛’’’’’而’由’它們’幼’’’’’有’’’’’’我們’’假’它們’有用’’’們’不’’’種’由’它們單單授予’樣’’個’國’’’

’’我們最’考’’’種’國’’有’’’’’國’裏獲’’那麼當’’’’個國’裏’’’個’國之’’國’裏’’’個國’公民’’管裏’’’’’有民族’’都’’們’’管裏’著’’’’’’’’而言’’國’’’個詞’’不’’’國’’’’’它’’’都有’’那麼’’裏’’’有’’’Ｔ’’之’’反對它’’’種’’’原’對它’不’’’我們正’’’’’個日’’反對它’’’’’’國’應孕’’’種’高’’情操’’種’’們’’源’’’’’有’’’們未’改善’情操’’’’’國’應當’’’們’什麼熱’’’’國’’應當’’’們熱’’’’國’’不’’’’’’們’國’’而’’’’’’類’由’’障’’’類改善’’景’’尤’’’國’’應當檢’’’’們’’’’應當’’’們’’’’’而’豪’’’它們’’公正’原’’基礎’’尤’’’國’’應當檢’’’’們’’’’’’’們有改善它們’手’’應當檢’’’’們’’’’’’’們’’’改變它們’’們應當’’奢華’’們’’’’’勤奮’’們應當’’’’’’耀’’們’’’’’’識’’們應當’’野心’’’’’’’’’’’們’原’應當’平等’’們不應當休’’不應當滿足’言’’’們應當’’實’’’們應當’’平等’’不’僅僅’’’’’平等’不管它有’’’’而’’教’’平等’’’’平等’’’’’由’’不’僅’選’’投票’而’’由’’’’用智’’’那種’’’推’’’見’’終’’’實踐中’’’’’鎮’’’’’們應當’原’’’而不’’’’’’’’’件而不’’’日’’’’們高興’’候’應當’’’什麼高興’應當僅僅’’’’’’’’類’’’平’’福’’而高興’我們今天’’’’’件’’’’當’’’’’’’’’而’’’類改善’’’中’’’比我們’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’我們’類’’獲’’’’’獲’’’’’讓我們’’鼓’’’’’’讓我們’’成’’而不’’’’’’’’’類’而不’’’’國’’’’’情’’’’’而不’’’’陋寡’’’’’’’個日’’那麼’我們’’應當’’’’目’’’’’’情而高興’我們’’應當改善曾’’今天’’’’勝’’’’’’類都’’我們’’’’’立’止’

The Meaning of Patriotism in America

. . . . Dating, as we justly may. a new era in the history of man from the Fourth of July, 1776, it would be well--that is, it would be useful--if  on each anniversary we examined the progress made by our species in just knowledge and just practice. Each Fourth of July would then stand as a tidemark in the flood of time by which to ascertain the advance of the human intellect, by which to note the rise and fall of each successive error, the discovery of each important truth, the gradual melioration in our public institutions, social arrangements, and, above all, in our moral feelings and mental views. . . .

    In continental Europe, of late years, the words patriotism and patriot have been used in a more enlarged sense than it is usual here to attribute to them, or than is attached to them in Great Britain. Since the political struggles of France, Italy, Spain, and Greece, the word patriotism has been employed, throughout continental Europe, to express a love of the public good; a preference for the interests of the many to those of the few, a desire for the emancipation of the human race from the thrall of despotism, religious and civil: in short, patriotism there is used rather to express the interest felt in the human race in general than that felt for any country, or inhabitants of a country, in particular. And patriot, in like manner, is employed to signify a lover of human liberty and human improvement rather than a mere lover of the country in which he lives, or the tribe to which he belongs. Used in this sense, patriotism is a virtue, and a patriot a virtuous man. With such an interpretation, a patriot is a useful member of society, capable of enlarging all minds and bettering all hearts with which he comes in contact; a useful member of the human family, capable of establishing fundamental principles and of merging his own interests, those of his associates, and those of his nation in the interests of the human race. Laurels and statues are vain things, and mischievous as they are childish; but could we imagine them of use, on such a patriot alone could they be with any reason bestowed....

    If such a patriotism as we have last considered should seem likely to obtain in any country, it should be certainly in this. In this which is truly the home of all nations and in the veins of whose citizens flows the blood of every people on the globe. Patriotism, in the exclusive meaning, is surely not made for America. Mischievous everywhere, it were here both mischievous and absurd. The very origin of the people is opposed to it. The institutions, in their principle, militate against it. The day we are celebrating protests against it. It is for Americans, more especially, to nourish a nobler sentiment; one more consistent with their origin, and more conducive to their future improvement. It is for them more especially to know why they love their country; and to feel that they love it, not because it is their country, but because it is the palladium of human liberty--the favored scene of human improvement. It is for them, more especially, to examine their institutions; and to feel that they honor them because they are bused on just principles. It is for them, more especially, to examine their institutions, because they have the means of improving them; to examine their laws, because at will they can alter them. It is for them to lay aside luxury whose wealth is in industry; idle parade whose strength is in knowledge; ambitious distinctions whose principle is equality. It is for them not to rest, satisfied with words, who can seize upon things; and to remember that equality means, not the mere equality of political rights, however valuable, but equality of instruction and equality in virtue; and that liberty means, not the mere voting at elections, but the free and fearless exercise of the mental faculties and that self-possession which springs out of well-reasoned opinions and consistent practice. It is for them to honor principles rather than men--to commemorate events rather than days; when they rejoice, to know for what they rejoice, and to rejoice only for what has brought and what brings peace and happiness to men. The event we commemorate this day has procured much of both, and shall procure in the onward course of human improvement more than we can now conceive of. For this--for the good obtained and yet in store for our race--let us rejoice! But let us rejoice as men, not as children--as human beings rather than as Americans--as reasoning beings, not as ignorants. So shall we rejoice to good purpose and in good feeling; so shall we improve the victory once on this day achieved, until all mankind hold with us the Jubilee of Independence.

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