è²¿æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶¡ï¿½æ¿¡ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¤¡ï¿½äº¤æ¡¦ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦¡ï¿½ç´ ä¹¡ï¿½ä¸€é¦¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¨°Â·ä½¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦å§¡ï¿½(Maarten L. Pereboom)
| ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
������誡�������������������以䡦A����������硦����夡�交顦��信� ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¨¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ ä¸ï¡¦å°¡ï¿½æ±¡ï¿½ç¶¡ï¿½æ¿¡ï¿½æ©¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦å¾€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¯¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½è»¡ï¿½äº¡ï¿½äº¡ï¿½ 件塦������乡����顦���������治����夡�交活����A�佡�羡�����人塦建塦����������就顦��姡�尡�污����塦�䡦����帡�������æ¡ï¿½ ����"��������跡�����������"一誡���� 羡���������������両�紀�������䡦��������袡�A�审�一���繼纡���������夡�謀污�����������綡�濡���������A�一���塦�桦�塦�� �����������統�������������〡�氡�主塦��帡����顦�����硦������念���������������貿���������������塦��家桦�絡�����信����人顡� ����å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ³¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½" 羡�����幡�������両�����御�紡�粹德����稡�����主義�������夢��������ç¶å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ä¸»ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¦ï¿½ä¸è§£æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ ���䡦A�佡�������佡����䡦��������袡�������衦������褡�����覡�污�乡�尡�����綡�濡�佡����桦建硦����夡�交桦�硦���� ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ æ·å¡¦ï¿½å¸å®¶å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾·ç¡¦å¾·Â·ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Bradford Perkins)����羡��������塦������������鬥硦�桦��述硦�桦�� 褡����治����綡�濡��������硦����������A�1750年以��������羡��������塦��移桦���硦����������統治����"��������忽衦"両�亡� ��������稡��������〡�泡�����人衦�����硦审�人硦�����硦��1756-1763)ä¸€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¦ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ç· äº¡ï¿½æ³¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 一���顦�䡦信�使衦�塦��è°æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½å°¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦æ°¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾µç¨¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½æ¡¦æ°¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½è°æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ä¸æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»£è¡¨æ¬¡ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½å¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���顦�決审�徵硦弡����䡦���������硦�〡��������倡����硦�ä¸ï¼¡ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äººé¡¦ï¿½ï¿½æ³¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å§¡ï¿½çµ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶¡ï¿½æ¿¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����信衦�����貿���� 1776年���奮起塦����������殡�氡����顦�覡�建硦一�����������塦���������治����軡�亡�������������A�紡�翡� ·亡����桦��John Adams)�������硦������模�溡�梡�紡�����(Model Treaty)�����������塦��泡�����建硦貿桦�� ����信�A��������稡�����信�ä¸ï¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±¡ï¿½ä¸¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ä»»ä¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è²¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½ä¸€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è²¿ ����夥伴�������塦�����������������貿����夥伴����交桦�桦�塦��貿桦�������������逡�����梡�紡�御�������������A�佡����������� ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½å®¶ä¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è²¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å°¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é€ ä¸€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¹³è¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ç¹¡ï¿½æ¦¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸€æº¡ï¿½äº¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿¡å¿µè¢¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���顦��秡�����御����� 佡����䡦��������������家羡���������姡�����������仡����桦洲塦��強桦�統治����両�����両�追桦綡�濡�橡��������� ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è³¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç ´å€¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¥1500ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ ¼å¡¦ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·¡ï¿½ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å°¡ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾¡ï¿½èª¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ä¹¡ï¿½ç¥¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½¡ï¿½å°±å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¹´ä¡¦å¾¡ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è©¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¦¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 泡�����(Embargo Act)価�尡����塦������泡�����乡�����仡��������硦������衡�窡����塦�影顦�使逡��������交桦�大����御�両� ���硦����貿桦������好衦��A�佡�������������乡�����奡���羡������������硦�塦��������樣好��������仡�夡�����価�A�æ¤è¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ä»¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����������夡�交顦��信����䡦��������大顦����乡�一A�审���������������812年桦�硦�硦���������乡�一A��������桦�硦�桦�� 1815年以���桦������局���塦��絡����� ����820年代A�æ¡ï¿½æ´²å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç ´å¡¦å¤±æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½å¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ä¡¦ä¸€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¹³ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½ä¸ç¡¦æ´²å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¨¡ï¿½ 夡�����家硦紡����塦������A�羡���������以桦�塦�衦��������姿桦��活衦���䡦�����������䡦����1823年〡����羡�审� 言����(Monroe Doctrine)����両�A�羡�����宣䡦西塦������両��������塦��æ¡ï¿½æ´²é€²ä¡¦æ¥ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½æ®¡ï¿½æ°¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���耡�A�æ¡ï¿½æ´²äººç¹¼ç¡¦å°¡ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è³¡ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½ä¸ç¡¦æ´²å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è³¡ï¿½æº¡ï¿½ä¹¡ï¿½å°¡ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ§¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸€ç¨¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¤§ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½èª¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 一���顦����羡������������塦����礡�����農æ¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç©¡ï¿½æ¥µæ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½å±¡ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ä¾¡ï¿½è³´å¡¦äº¤æ¡¦ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ 裡���������確䡦���塦�桦�塦繼硦以塦��好硦������庡���御�羡������������塦�����塦�硦��綡�濡�活塦������ ����æ¤å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½å°¡ï¿½ç¶¡ï¿½æ¿¡ï¿½æ©¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å°¡ï¿½"夡����桦�示"����信念信�使硦����人塦��西顦�����塦A�羡����� 乡����æ¤é¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¸¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¦å®¡ï¿½äººè¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½äº¡ï¿½å°¡ï¿½å¢¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���両��������塦�����衦諡����尡�羡�����������������一���桦�大���太平桦海岸���� 跡���平桦�������� 佡����������������塦�塦��顡�両�����衡�窡��������䡦���������������������������䡦æ¥æ¡¦ï¿½å¡¦ï¼¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½865年塦�桦�� 絡���������A�亡�伡�����罡�·����������絡�Abraham Lincoln)���������������塦廡�·��������御�William Seward)已硦�������䡦以桦�大������������両��������塦�����������主��������������塦覡���������橡���������平桦彼岸 ����便桦����大硦��亡�洲塦���〡���������867年塦信�����人桦��ä¸æ¡¦ï¿½è³¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸€äº¡ï¿½è¢¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾·ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����"(Seward's Folly)A�佡�审����塦����������羡���������������貿��������跡���������覡����硦�����硦�䡦������������������両� 紀����A�御����塦�����桦�桦����帡���������強塦��謀�������������衦殡�氡����張A�佡�羡�����両�帡�����ä¸å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½è¢¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½ �������顡�似桦��880年代"���奪����洡�("scramble for africa")��������彡������æ¤æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¦"������顦���������硦 (Open Door)A�以便信��������塦�ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å·¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ç¡¦ä¸»å¼µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®¶ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 氡���������一��������亡���������ç¡ï¿½ç¶¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å·¥å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½æ¥ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½æ¬¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ������交桦�硦繼硦信����顦�����䡦����帡����硦����������A�羡������������桦�塦驡�人硦��綡�濡�墡����大 夡������������塦���硦�硦��������������紡�翰·桦�������塦��(John D. Rockefeller)����审�德é¯Â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ (Andrew Carnegie)ç¡ï¿½äººé€¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ²¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¦ï¿½è¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ç©¡ï¿½èµ·å·¨é¡¡ï¿½è²¡å¡¦ï¼¡ï¿½ä»¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸»å¡¦äº¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äº¡ï¿½è¡¡ï¿½æ¥ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½µ �������塦A�使䡦���塦���塦���桦�����衦壡����硦��衡�æ¥ã€¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½åº¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸€ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ä½¿ä¼¡ï¿½æ¥å¡¦ä»¥å¡¦ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½é¾¡ï¿½ 大衦模���硦����綡�濡����塦������������両�紀���������������塦����両�亡����硦���� æ·å¡¦ï¿½å¸å®¶ä¡¦ç¾¡ï¿½Â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¿ºè¿ª(Paul Kennedy)�����������914年硦一次䡦����大桦�硦�����桦��A� 羡�����已硦����������綡�濡�大塦��A����衦���æ¥å¡¦ï¿½ä¸¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¿¡ï¿½ä¸¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹¡ï¿½ä¸€ï¼¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾·å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ 大硦15%����14%����德塦������奧塦�塦����������紡��������塦������泡���������信�羡��������������大西洡�彼岸 ����羡���������宣䡦"����������塦��衡�����両�"寡���ä¸ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å°¡ï¿½ä¸ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®¡ï¿½(����A�审�羡�����亡����桦�� ����模�溡�訡�������紡�亡����塦�桦��A����建竡�両��������治���塦影顦�硦���������貿�����������桦�衦�塦��è¨ç½® ��������礡�A����æ¡ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)尡�德塦������貿桦��両��������幾乡����顦�硦��水平����羡�����尡�����紡�����迡�����墡� ���硦��貿桦��大大趡�������尡�德塦��貿桦����������失���æ¤ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½è¨ç½®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¤¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã€¡ï¿½ ����管德�����������桦�桦�硦両�尡�信���������御�亡�����������佡���������916年羡���������������æ¥å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ������������尡�����紡���������価�����綡�濡��������塦����緡�両�尡�德塦��槡��������桦������娡���������德塦��尡�羡��������� ä¸ç¡¦ç«¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å°¡ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµ·é¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡¦è¥²æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½917幡���������德塦��审� �����������紡�����一起塦��������一年衦���桦��亡�德塦������
没��������桦����帡����� 笡���次䡦����大桦�桦�桦亡�æ¡ï¿½æ´²ï¡¦ä½¡ï¿½ç´¡ï¿½ç´¡ï¿½å·²å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å·²å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ä»£å€¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸¡ï¿½ 忡�A�������西桦彼岸競硦�塦��������綡�濡�æ¥å±¥ç¶è¡¦ï¿½ä¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶¡ï¿½æ¿¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼¡ï¿½å¾·ç¡¦ ·娡����顦��總統(Woodrow Wilson)�������建竡�一��������平〡�氡�主塦���������貿��������両���������槡����� 尡����䡦競硦�硦������æ¡ï¿½æ´²å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç§¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡¦ä½¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ä¸¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµ·å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ²» �������ä¸ï¼¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸€æ§¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ä»¥å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã€¡ï¿½æ·å¡¦ï¿½å¸å®¶æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Warren Cohen)��������������� 次䡦����大桦�桦������A�羡��������桦��亡�"没��������桦����帡�����"(empire without tears)����夡�交桦�硦A� 以桦�佡�����庡�����æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡¦ä½¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¸¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã€¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½930年代A�����å¤ç¡¦ä¸»ç¾©ç«¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 治人壡������䡦���桦�硦�桦�����������A������������衦���桦�硦�桦財硦��軡���������驡�使硦��絡���������羡����� ������������������一系塦��信�����ä¸ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ³¡ï¿½æ¡¡ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½ä»¥ç¢ºä¿¡ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è²¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬¡æ¡¦ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ã€¡ï¿½ "没��������桦����帡�����"令人���塦�塦����両�����顡�両����麼���塦����泡���両�����殡�氡�繡�榡���������輡� ���桦��忡��������塦����佡���������������泡�西桦����羡�����������桦��������主義����伡�����統治����両�����両�A� ����稡�����������忽衦衡�両�����亡���������8両�紀御�����A�������·������������總統(George Washington )���塦��誡硦���������������衦���������塦������両�覡�仡����桦洲塦�����������硦�佡��������塦����羡�������������亡� 椡����桦�硦����綡�濡�������������娡�����A�確䡦������������������帡�����両������������硦�������������������������������� ����管å¤ç«¡ï¿½ä¸»ç¾©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¹½é¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡¦ï¿½ä¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡¦ä½¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â·ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸½çµ±(Franklin Roosevelt )����939幡�����宣䡦羡���������平桦���������大硦�����衦����管�����1941幡�����A��������桦���� �����������渡���������������A�羡�������������������秡�����泡�桡�����(Lend-Lease Act)A�誡�言覡���������������綡� 濡���������価����桦軸塦����(Axis Powers )���� ����年塦夡���德塦��潡�水衦������次桦����宣桦�塦�塦���� 西桦尡�羡��������������������衦�������〡� 趡�紡�大塦����������赡�/B> 1945年羡���������大䡦����顡�帡������������������������������桦����(����A�両�尡�常硦��)����������������亡� 軸塦��������������������驡�����æ·å¡¦ï¿½ä¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¤§è¡¦æ¨¡ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦å¾·å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äººå¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ±¡ï¿½ 忡�A�羡��������������������衦����起塦�巨大硦��人塦������綡�濡�賡�溡�A������������审���������������大顦�䡦��� 屡������������大硦��一次桦�硦�ä¸è´¡ï¿½å¾¡ï¿½äº¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½æ´²èµ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡¦ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äº¡ï¿½ä¸¡ï¿½ ����両��������趡�紡�大塦������佡�������趡�紡�大塦��乡�代表亡����������䡦尡���������綡�濡��������治髡���� �����������進衦�������桦��巡������塦�����������æ¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¼¡ï¿½ä½¿é¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½äº¡ï¿½ä¸€ç¨¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���衦�����浡��������������������塦��毀满�(����A�����æ¸æ¡¦ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ������������娡�����使硦����両����桦�桦���塦�������������桦���������治����軡�亡�佡�������� 綡�濡�仡����䡦���� ���顦������覡�����佡�罡���羡�����夡�交顦��信����䡦一��������æ£ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½å¤¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½948年衦�� 1951年顦�������������馡������衦�������( Marshall Plan)���塦��æ¡ï¿½æ´²ç¡¦æ¿¡ï¿½é«¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾¡ï¿½äº¡ï¿½120����羡������������� �������羡��������桦������迡��������覡���������家桦��価����塦����幡���������������佡�亡����硦�主羡�����侵衦��A�佡� 西桦���硦�硦��巡���綡�濡�墡����顦����������亡�両�����貿桦���������塦A�乡�使硦�����������桦����亡��������極 ���顦�覡���������賡������������硦����人塦�����桦�塦����両�亡���������信�è·ä¸»ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½±é¡¦ï¿½ï¡¦ä½¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 帡����硦��审�è·è€¡ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è²¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¥ä¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¸¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸€ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èª¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���桦�桦�治帶䡦亡����衦�����������衦������A���������一���������������塦�桦�硦����������������è·å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶¡ï¿½æ¿¡ï¿½ 髡�系佡�审�乡�尡����硦���������������������建竡�軡�亡�å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(建硦)���桦象���統桦�稱硦�� 軡�亡�-å·¥æ¥è¤¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«¡ï¿½(military-industrial complex)A�以桦���������衦亡�å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾¡ï¿½å¦¡ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ç¡¦ ����趡��������䡦夡�米衦骡�����A�审�一��������������硦�主羡���就桦���������塦��亡�弡�起䡦���串���������������� 羡��������衦污�建硦一�����������硦�主羡�����家耡�仡����䡦巡�������綡�濡������������代���佡����以夡� ������������絡����� ���桦�桦�����硦���������䡦絡����������������硦������帶䡦亡�巡���綡�濡�壡�����A����塦�硦�主羡���系桦� çµ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½é€ ç¶æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ç«¶ç¡¦ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è²¡å¡¦ï¼¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äººæ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 墡�A����������������硦������活水平〡������������硦�主羡�����������両�紀80年代��������崡���A�羡���������赡� ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¶¡ï¿½ç´¡ï¿½å¤§å¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¼¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³»â¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å®¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¯¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è²¡å¤§äº¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¦ï¿½æ ¼ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½ ���硦A�佡����桦������������弡�������������害耡�������御�以塦������������衡��������桦�硦��絡������������������桦�� ���怡����塦禡�屡�Francis Fukuyama)������示����"æ·å¡¦ï¿½ç¡¦ï¿½ï¿½çµ¡ï¿½çµ¡ï¿½"A�佡�����������������������������代両� ��������紡�繡�褡���������次塦��羡������������䡦�����������就桦�������桦���������������������������治����綡�濡����� ����A�以塦������究顦����以便�������塦�衦���������塦������亡�����両��������桦�������塦��������������� ��������衡�������������覡�両�一审��������羡��������塦����觀黡��������硦���� |